The Second Treatise on the Perfections – 2706
But some teachers rationalize this view by saying that after vowing to observe
the complete five precepts, if one of them is broken, all are not broken; others
remain unaffected. If we thus accept this rationalization, there will be no
difference at all in their views. In this connection, the Analsis of the Training
Rules (
Sikkhāpada-vibhaṅga
) of the Dispeller of Delusion (
Sammoha-vinodanī
,
VibhA) states:
Gahaṭṭhā yaṁ yaṁ vītikkamanti, taṁ tad-eva khaṇḍaṁ hoti bhijjati,
avasesaṁ na bhijjati. Kasmā? Gahaṭṭhā hi anibaddha-sīlā honti,
yaṁ yaṁ sakkonti taṁ tad-eva gopenti.
After taking the precepts, if the laymen break one of them, only that one
is broken; the rest are not; because for the laity there is no mandatory
permanent precepts to observe like novices.
Of the five precepts, they may observe whichever they can; one, two or three,
but not necessarily all five. We should not say that because they observe only
partially and do not observe the complete five precepts, it does not amount to
observance of the precepts and that they will not get any merit for it.
It should be noted thus that even though the laity cannot observe all five
precepts but only as many as possible, they will get merit and that their morality
(
sīla
) is genuine. In this connection, the Path of the Analytic Knowledges
(
Paṭisambhidā-magga
) commentary comments on
pariyanta-pārisuddhi-sīla
:
421
“There are two kinds of limit regarding morality (
sīla
): the limit to the number
of precepts observed and the limit to the duration of observance. The laity may
observe one precept, or two, three, four, five, eight or ten precepts. But the
trainees (
sikkhamāna
,
sāmaṇera
and
sāmaṇerī
) have to observe the ten precepts
in full. This is the limit to the number of precepts observed.”
The essential meaning here is: If the laity take precepts numbering one, two,
three, four, five, eight or ten and observes them properly, their morality will
become a pure morality with a limit in number (
sikkhāpada-pariyanta-
pārisuddhi-sīla
).
Therefore, although in practice one does not vow to take one, two, three or four
but all five precepts, it is not mandatory to observe all of them. If they can
421
This morality is described fully under morality in the groups of fives.