The Second Treatise on the Perfections – 2705
Because in the Great Chapter (
Mahā-khandhaka
, Vin Mv 1), although the
Fortunate One laid down the ten factors (
dasaṅga
) which will make the novices
fall from their novicehood, only the first five of the ten precepts are included in
them. The last five are not included. Therefore, in spite of breaking one of these
last five factors, the novices will not fall from their novicehood; they are only
guilty of a breach of the rules which entail due punishment. If they take the
punishment imposed by their teachers they will become again good novices, duly
absolved from guilt.
[1577]
Thus, even novices for whom the ten precepts are mandatory will not fall from
their novicehood in spite of the training rule about money (
jāta-rūpa-
sikkhāpada
). It is clear, therefore, that of the ten precepts, the last five are not so
important as the first five for novices. Thus, it is not proper to say and write
exhorting strict observance of the money precept for the laity when it is not
regarded as so important even for novices.
It is accepted that both the Path of Purification (
Visuddhi-magga
) and the
Supplementary Readings (
Khuddaka-pāṭha
) commentaries are written by Ven.
Mahā Buddhaghosa. As the two books are written by one and the same author,
the exposition should not be different. The passage from the Path of Purification
which says:
Upāsaka-upāsikānaṁ nicca-sīla-vasena pañca-sikkhāpadāni, sati vā
ussāhe dasa
,
“the ten precepts are not permanent morality (
nicca-sīla
) for the
laity; they are delimited (
niyama-sīla
), and to be observed only when able”
should thus be noted to be in line with the Supplementary Readings (
Khuddaka-
pāṭha
) and Thus-Saids (
Iti-vuttaka
) commentaries.
With respect to a breach of precepts, the Short Readings commentary, after
dealing with matters concerning novices, states: “Whereas, in the case of the
laity, after taking the vow of the five precepts, if one of them is broken, only
that one is broken, and if that one be observed by taking a new vow, the five
precepts are complete again.” But some teachers (
apare
) maintain this: “If the
five precepts are taken separately, one after another, a breach of one will not
cause the breach of the rest.” However, if they say, at the beginning of taking
the precepts:
Pañcaṅga-samannāgataṁ sīlaṁ samādiyāmi
, “I vow to observe the
complete five precepts,” then, if one of them is broken, all are broken because
the vow was initially taken to keep the precepts together. As to the result of a
breach of precepts, each breach will have its own consequences, not affecting
others.