The Second Treatise on the Perfections – 2702
commentary on the Path to Purification:
Sīlam-ayanti nicca-sīla-uposatha-
niyamādi-vasena pañca, aṭṭha, dasa vā sīlāni samādiyantassa
. The commentary
mentions three kinds of morality: 1) The five precepts observed permanently
(
nicca-sīla
); 2) the eight precepts observed on Observance Days (
Uposatha-sīla
);
and 3) the ten precepts observed occasionally (
niyama-sīla
). It is clear that,
according to this commentary, the ten precepts are not observed permanently;
they are observed occasionally.
Again, in the Discourse about Worshipping Householders (
Gahaṭṭha-vandanā-
sutta
, SN 11.18), we find the following account. Sakka, the Lord of the Devas,
came down from Vejayanta Palace to go to the royal garden. When he was
about to get onto his chariot, he paid homage to the eight directions. Then the
Deva Mātali said: “To whom do you pay homage, sir?” Sakka said:
Ye gahaṭṭhā puñña-karā, sīlavanto upāsakā,
Dhammena dāraṁ posenti, te namassāmi Mātali.
Mātali, some people perform meritorious deeds; they are also endowed
with morality; they take refuge in the Three Treasures of the Buddha,
Dhamma, and Saṅgha, and they support their wives and children
righteously. To them I pay homage.
The term endowed with morality
(
sīlavanto
) in Sakka’s reply is explained by the
commentator thus:
Sīlavanto ti upāsakatte patiṭṭhāya pañca hi pi dasa hi pi
sīlehi samannāgatā
, “those who are endowed with morality means those who
take refuge in the Three Treasures and become established in the five precepts
and the ten precepts.”
According to this commentary, it is clear that the people to whom Sakka, the
Lord of the Devas, pays homage are the people who, living with their families,
observe the five and ten precepts.
Also, in the Collection of the Thematic Discourses (
Saṁyutta-nikāya
) sub-
commentary, it is commented thus:
Nicca-sīla-vasena pañcahi,
[1576]
niyama-
sīla-vasena dasahi
, “the five precepts should be taken as permanent rules (
nicca-
sīla
), the ten precepts as delimited rules (
niyama-sīla
).”
In the Light on the Dictionary (
Abhidhānappadīpikā
, vs 444), the meaning of
delimited rules is briefly shown thus:
Yaṁ deha-sādhanāpekkhaṁ, niccaṁ kamma-mayaṁ yamo,
āgantu-sādhanaṁ kammaṁ, aniccaṁ niyamo bhave.