The Second Treatise on the Perfections – 2699
Precepts of Monks, Nuns, Novices and Householders
1. The rules of discipline promulgated by the Fortunate One for male
monastics and those which should also be observed by them although
promulgated for nuns are called the rules for monks (
bhikkhu-sīla
).
2. The rules of discipline promulgated for nuns and those which should
also be observed by them although promulgated for monks are called
the rules for nuns (
bhikkhunī-sīla
).
3. The ten precepts observed by male (
sāmaṇera
) and female (
sāmaṇerī
)
novices or neophytes are called rules for those without higher
ordination (
anupasampanna-sīla
).
Only novices are taken as monastics without higher ordination
(
anupasampanna
) by the commentator. Yet there is another kind called in
training (
sikkhamāna
). As those in training are elder female novices who
undergo a special training as probationers to become nuns, they are not
mentioned here separately but are reckoned as female novices.
[1574]
4. The morality observed by the laity is called the householder rules
(
gahaṭṭha-sīla
). With regard to the householder rules, the Path to
Purification (
Visuddhi-magga
) says: The five precepts as a permanent
undertaking, the ten precepts when possible, and the eight precepts as a
special observance on an Observance Day (
Uposatha
), come under the
householder rules which should be observed by male and female
followers (
upāsaka-upāsikānaṁ nicca-sīla-vasena pañca-sikkhāpadāni,
sati vā ussāhe dasa, uposathaṅga-vasena aṭṭhā ti idaṁ gahaṭṭha-sīlaṁ
).
There are different views on the meaning of the Pāḷi phrase:
sati
vā ussāhe
,
“when possible” of the Path to Purification. Some teachers take the view that
not only the five precepts but also the ten precepts are to be observed as a
permanent undertaking. They wrongly apply to the ten precepts the attribute of
a permanent undertaking (
nicca-sīla
), which is only meant for the five precepts.
These teachers say: “To observe the five precepts, it is not necessary to consider
whether a person has the ability; he should observe the five precepts forever.
Regarding the ten precepts, even though it is urged that the ten precepts should
be observed as a permanent undertaking, only persons with the ability should
observe them. Ability here means the ability to abandon his treasure of gold and
silver with no more attachment to it; giving up his possessions in this manner, he