The Second Treatise on the Perfections – 2694
of sham piety, without pure volition for doing a genuine meritorious
deed. Hence it is low (
hīna
).
2. Observance of morality through desire for a good destination is no
doubt associated with a certain amount of greed, but it is a wholesome
wish for beneficial results of one’s good deeds and is accompanied by
volition and faith. Hence it is nobler than the one observed through
desire for fame. On the other hand, since the motivating force here is
still tainted with the expectation of beneficial results from one’s
meritoriousness, it is not ranked as a superior kind but only as a middle
(
majjhima
) morality.
3. The morality observed not through desire for fame nor through desire
for reaping beneficial results of one’s good deeds but through
understanding that the observance of precepts is a noble practice for a
pure life, and through realization that one should indeed cultivate these
practices solely for their nobleness, is known as the finest morality.
Only such a morality of superior quality observed with pure wholesome
volition, unassociated with any form of greed, is reckoned as the
genuine perfection of morality (
sīla-pāramī
).
When the Bodhisatta took existence as a Nāga, during his two lives as
Campeyya Nāga (Ja 506) and Bhūridatta Nāga (Ja 543), he could not exert
himself for the superior kind of morality but observed precepts only in the
hope of attaining rebirth as a human being. In that sense, the morality he
observed was of medium quality. Nevertheless, since he did not break the
precepts and persisted in their observance even at the risk of his life, his
effort is to be regarded as fulfilment of the perfection of morality.
Again:
1. When morality is defiled by demeritorious thoughts of self-praise and
disparagement of others, such as: “I am virtuous; others are not virtuous
and inferior to me,” it is a low morality.
2. The morality which is not tainted with such defilements but is a
mundane morality is a middle morality.
3. When the morality is free from all taints and is associated with the
supermundane paths and fruitions, it is classed as the finest morality.
Again: