The Second Treatise on the Perfections – 2686
When the grosser forms of evil had been removed from the habits of the
untamed beings by teaching them the set of precepts with right livelihood as the
eighth, the Buddha no longer made use of it; instead he taught the five precepts
and the eight precepts in his further civilizing endeavours.
Having thus been set aside by the Buddha when a certain stage of moral
purification has been reached by the people, successive teachers from the time
of the Buddha till the present time have not given much attention to the eight
precepts including right livelihood; lay people also have not made a special
effort to observe it because the set of precepts with right livelihood as the eighth
was originally meant for people of debased morality only.
A question arises here: Since the set of precepts with right livelihood as the
eighth forms the initial practice for the path, and since it had been used at the
time when the Buddha first appeared, would it not be even more suitable to
observe it at the present time?
The term “initial practice for the path” is applicable only when the set of
precepts with right livelihood as the eighth is observed by those who have no
code of morality whatsoever at the start to serve as the precepts for the path.
Those who have only recently given up wrong views and begun to embrace the
Buddha’s teaching should no doubt start to purify themselves by observing this
set of precepts with right livelihood as the eighth but when they have become
well established in the Buddhist practice after being well trained in morality
(
sīla
), it should no longer be
[1567]
termed “the initial practice for the path.”
Even children of Buddhist parents have been taught to understand the dire
consequences of gross misdeeds such as taking the life of sentient beings, and
they refrain from doing so. Accordingly, when they grow up and begin to
observe precepts, there is no need for them to keep the set of precepts with right
livelihood as the eighth. They should gradually advance in their training from
the five precepts to the eight precepts and onto the ten precepts.
In other words, observance of the set of precepts with right livelihood as the
eighth is the necessary step which those steeped in immorality should take to rid
themselves of debased habits; but for those who have been well brought up
under the guidance of Buddhist parents, it is clear that they already possess a
modicum of moral conduct. Therefore, there is no special need for them to
observe the set of precepts with right livelihood as the eighth. What has been