The Second Treatise on the Perfections – 2682
with their own spouses, eat in the afternoon, dance, sing, etc. and sleep on high
and luxurious beds. But, since they do so with mind unassociated with wrong
view (
diṭṭhi-vippayutta-citta
), their actions will not result in rebirths in the
lower planes of existence.
But an ordinary worldling may do these acts with minds either associated with
wrong view (
diṭṭhi-sampayutta
) or unassociated with wrong view (
diṭṭhi-
vippayutta
). These actions may or may not lead to rebirths in the lower plane of
existence. Therefore, the four precepts: total sexual abstinence, abstaining from
eating in the afternoon, abstaining from dancing, singing, playing music, etc.,
and abstaining from using high and luxurious beds should be called morality
that should be done.
When a person who has taken refuge in the Buddha, the Dhamma and the
Saṅgha, observes the five precepts with meticulous care, he would be a lay
disciple (
upāsaka
) of the Buddha. If he makes further efforts to observe the
eight precepts, it is for the purpose of practising the holy life at a higher level of
endeavour. But the Buddha has not said that the observance of the eight precepts
will save one from the lower destinations. Observance of the five precepts alone
is not enough to secure safety from the danger of falling into the lower planes of
existence.
In this sense, therefore, the four additional observances included in the eight
precepts should be considered to belong to the category of morality that should
be done. For monastics, however, the Buddha has strictly forbidden them from
indulging in these four acts; hence for monastics, avoidance of these acts
constitutes definitely morality that should not be done.
Morality to be Done and not Done
A cursory reading of the above distinction between morality that should be done
(
cāritta-sīla
) and morality that should not be done (
vāritta-sīla
) or a superficial
consideration of the fact of indulgence by noble disciples such as Visākhā in
[1565]
lawful sexual relations, eating in the afternoon, dancing, singing, playing
music, etc., and, in using high and luxurious beds, could lead one to wrong
conceptions. One could easily take the wrong view that all such deeds are
faultless, blameless, and, therefore, one is then liable to indulge in them more
and more with the accompaniment of wrong view (
micchā-diṭṭhi
). It is most
important that one should not fall into such errors of conception.