The Second Treatise on the Perfections – 2678
element of solidity differ in their respective functions of upholding and
facilitating.
417
The Path of Purification (
Visuddhi-magga
) mentions only two
grammatical meanings as explained above. But there are different views
expressed by other teachers. According to them, the Pāḷi word
sīla
meaning morality is derived from the words
sira
or
sīsa
both meaning
“head.” When the head is cut off, the whole body of a being is destroyed;
so also when morality is ruined, all forms of meritoriousness come to ruins.
Thus morality is like the head of the body of meritoriousness and is termed
sīla
, a derivative of
sira
or
sīsa
by replacing the letter “r” or “s” with “l.”
But the author opines that this alternative view is far-fetched since it
draws only upon the similarity of the sounds produced by uttering the
words
sira
,
sīsa
and
sīla
and does not deal with the intrinsic meaning of
the word
sīla
as defined in the Light on the Dictionary
(
Abhidhānappadīpikā
, vs 1092).
He concludes that morality is called
sīla
because, according to the the
Light on the Dictionary, it conveys two meanings: Natural characteristic
and good practice.
Although natural characteristics refer to both good and bad ones, as explained
above, since we are dealing with the habit and practices of ancient sages or of
Bodhisattas, Arahats, etc., we should take it that morality (
sīla
) refers only to
good aspects. For instance, although Dhamma may be meritorious or
demeritorious when we say: “I take refuge in the Dhamma,” the Dhamma here
can only be the meritorious Dhamma. So also, although Saṅgha means “a group,”
“an assemblage” in such words as
manussa-saṅgha
, “a group of people,”
sakuṇa-
saṅgha
, “a flock of birds,” when we say: “I take refuge in the Saṅgha,” it implies
only the Saṅgha of monastics.
Considered in this manner,
sīla
should also be taken in the sense of the Light on
the Dictionary (
Abhidhānappadīpikā
) definition of “natural characteristic.”
Thus, it should be stated that it is called morality because it is the natural
characteristic of ancient sages, Bodhisattas, Arahats, etc.
417
See the sub-commentary on the Path to Purification (
Visuddhi-magga
), in the
Chapter on Morality.