The Second Treatise on the Perfections – 2676
the Perfection of Morality. And in this sense also, there are two meanings:
orientating and upholding.
1. Orientating means controlling one’s physical and verbal actions and
steering them towards the right direction so that they do not get out of
hand. In a person who does not observe the precepts, physical and
verbal actions take place in a haphazard manner, like loose yarn, not
properly wound in a roll, which is uncontrolled and undirected. But a
person who observes the precepts watches closely over his physical and
verbal actions to see that they take place in an orderly manner under his
proper control. Even a person of ill-humour, who is easily irritated and
loses temper at the slightest provocation, can manage to keep his
physical and verbal actions under control when he is observing the
precepts.
2. Upholding because no act of merit can be accomplished without
accompaniment of moral virtue. Meritorious acts can arise only in
persons of morality; thus morality (
sīla
) serves as the basis or
foundation of all deeds of meritoriousness; it facilitates the arising of
meritoriousness through performance of meritorious deeds that would
lead to rebirth in the four planes of existence (
catu-bhūmaka
), that is,
the sensuous world, the fine material world, the non-material world and
the supermundane states.
In this chapter on the Perfection of Morality, it is mentioned that the recluse
Sumedha, having received the definite prophecy that he would become a
Perfectly Self-Awakened One, admonished himself to establish first the
perfection of generosity. But this does not imply that he should practise
generosity first without observance of precepts. In his investigation of the
Buddha-making factors, by the exercise of perfection investigating wisdom
(
pāramī-pavicaya-ñāṇa
), it was the perfection of generosity that appeared first
in his mind’s eye, followed, in succession, by perfection of morality, perfection
of renunciation, etc. The order of the perfections given in the text is the order in
which they appeared in the mind’s eye of recluse Sumedha. It was not possible
for him to discern all the ten perfections (
pāramī
) simultaneously; they were
investigated one after another and were mentioned accordingly. The first
perfection reviewed happened to be the perfection of generosity; hence it heads