The Second Treatise on the Perfections – 2665
In the explanation that accompanies the rule, the Buddha explains: “If the gift
that is already committed by word of mouth to be given to the Saṅgha is
appropriated for oneself, there is the offence of expiation involving forfeiture
(
nissaggiya-pācittiya-āpatti
); if it is caused to be given to the Saṅgha other than
the intended one or to a shrine, there is an offence of wrong-doing (
dukkaṭa-
āpatti
). Knowing the gift is intended for a certain shrine, if it is made to be
given to another shrine or to the Saṅgha or to an individual, there is an offence
of wrong-doing. Knowing the gift is intended to be given to a certain individual,
if it is caused to be given to another individual, or to the Saṅgha, or to a shrine,
there is an offence of wrong-doing.
The above story is given to illustrate how one’s well-intentioned deeds of merit
could become vitiated through intervention and interference of undesirable
intermediaries and how, due to their intervention, it could be turned into an
unrighteous gift (
adhammika-dāna
). The Buddha also explained the nine
unrighteous acceptances (
adhammika-paṭiggaha
) of the nine unrighteous gifts
and the nine righteous uses (
dhammika-paribhoga
) of righteously offered
requisites.
It should be noted, however, that not every transfer of gifts from the recipient
originally intended by the supporter to another results in an unrighteous gift.
The supporter himself may change his original intention for some good reason
or may be persuaded by a well-wisher to transfer the gift for acquiring more
merit.
An illustration of such a transfer of gifts is found in the story of Mahā Pajāpatī
who had made a new robe intending it to be offered to the Buddha. The Buddha
advised her to offer the robe to the Saṅgha instead. If it were an offence, the
Buddha would not have given the advice. As a matter of fact, the Buddha knew
that Mahā Pajāpatī would gain much greater merit by offering the robe to the
Saṅgha headed by himself.
[1555]
In another instance, the Buddha persuaded King Pasenadi of Kosala to change
his mind about permitting a monastery for ascetics of another faith to be built
close by the Jetavana monastery. The king had been bribed by the ascetics into
granting land to build their monastery. Foreseeing endless disputes that would
later arise, the Buddha first sent Ven. Ānanda and other monastics and later the
two chief disciples, Ven. Sāriputta and Ven. Mahā Moggallāna, to dissuade the
king from taking the bribe and granting the land to the ascetics. The king gave