The Second Treatise on the Perfections – 2663
3. Giving of gifts at proper and appropriate times.
4. Giving of gifts which are suitable for and acceptable to the recipient.
5. Giving of gifts, after making careful selection of the recipient and the
objects to be offered.
Excluding persons of immoral conduct, the selected recipients should be
moral persons who follow the teachings of the Buddha. As to the materials
to be offered, when possessing things of both good and bad quality, better
quality materials should be selected for making a gift.
6. Giving of gifts according to one’s ability in a consistent manner.
7. Giving of gifts with a pure, calm mind.
8. Giving of gifts and feeling glad after having done so.
A separate list of eight types of gifts made by persons of immoral conduct
(
asappurisa-dāna
) is not given as such in the texts, but one could surmise that
they would be as follows:
1. Giving of gifts which are unclean, impure and unattractive.
2. Giving of gifts of inferior quality.
3. Giving of gifts at improper and inappropriate times.
4. Giving of gifts which are unsuitable for the recipient.
5. Giving of gifts without making careful selection of the recipient and
the objects to be offered.
6. Giving of gifts only occasionally although one is capable of doing so in
a consistent manner.
7. Giving of gifts without calming the mind.
8. Giving of gifts feeling remorse after having done so.
Gifts by Groups of Nines
The Vinaya Summary (
Parivāra
) mentions the nine types of giving which were
taught by the Buddha as not valid as a deed of offering (
adhammika-dāna
). The
commentary on the text explains these nine types of gifts as follows:
[1554]
Causing the gift which was intended by the supporter for a certain group of the
Saṅgha: