The Second Treatise on the Perfections – 2660
7. Gifts made with the thought: “The gift I am offering will bring me a
good reputation which will spread far and wide.”
8. Gifts made with the idea that it will serve as an instrument to help one
attain concentration when one fails to achieve it while practising
concentration and insight meditation.
Of the eight kinds of gifts, the last one is the best and the noblest. The reason is
that this
[1552]
last type of gift is unique, one which promotes joy and delight in
one who is practising concentration and insight meditation, and renders great
assistance to his endeavours in meditation.
The first seven modes of giving do not arouse and encourage the mind in the
work of concentration and insight meditation but of them, the first and the fifth
are superior ones (
paṇīta
). The seventh type is an inferior one (
hīna
), while
numbers 2, 3, 4 and 6 are of medium status.
The eight categories of gifts may be divided into two groups: gifts which belong
to the sphere of meritorious giving (
puñña-visaya-dāna
) and gifts which belong
to the sphere of worldly gifts (
loka-visaya-dāna
). The first, the fifth and the
eighth are gifts which belong to the sphere of meritorious giving
and the
remaining five belong to the gifts which belong to the sphere of worldly gifts.
Again, the Discourse on the Bases for Gifts (
Dāna-vatthu-sutta
, AN 8.33)
provides another list of eight gifts.
1. Gifts made out of affection.
2. Gifts made under unavoidable circumstances, made reluctantly and
showing resentment.
3. Gifts made through delusion and foolishness without understanding the
law of cause and effect.
4. Gifts made through fear of censure, through fear of rebirth in the
realms of misery and suffering, through fear of harm that may be
caused by the recipient.
5. Gifts made with the thought: “It has been the tradition of generations of
my ancestors, and I should carry on the tradition.”
6. Gifts made with the objective of gaining rebirth in the Deva realms.