The Second Treatise on the Perfections – 2659
moral person, he is, by his restraint, offering all beings gifts of freedom from
harm, danger, worries, anxiety, etc. It is in this sense that the Buddha teaches
here that observance of the five precepts constitutes offering of the five great
gifts (
mahā-dāna
).
Gifts in Groups of Sixes
Just as the texts do not mention any list of gifts in groups of fours as such, so
there is no direct mention of types of gifts in groups of six either. But the
Abundance of Meaning (
Aṭṭha-sālinī
, DsA), the commentary to the Enumeration
of Phenonema (
Dhamma-saṅgaṇī
), gives an exposition of six types of gifts in
which the six sense objects provide materials for offerings: the gift of colour,
sound, odour, taste, objects of touch, and mind-objects.
Gifts in Groups of Sevens
Similarly, there is no mention of types of gifts in groups of sevens as such, but
the seven kinds of gifts to the Saṅgha (
Saṅghika-dāna
) described above under
the heading Gifts in Pairs and Gifts to the Saṅgha may be taken to represent this
type of gift (
dāna
).
Gifts in Groups of Eights
The Buddha teaches a group of eight types of gifts (
dāna
) in the First Discourse
on Gifts (
Paṭhama-dāna-sutta
, AN 8.31). The eight gifts are:
1. Gifts made without delay, without hesitation, as soon as the recipient
arrives.
2. Gifts made through fear of censure or of being reborn in the realms of
misery and suffering.
3. Gifts made because the recipient had in the past given him gifts.
4. Gifts made with the intention that the recipient of the offering will
make a return offering in future.
5. Gifts made with the thought that making a gift is a good deed.
6. Gifts made with the thought: “I am a householder who prepares and
cooks food to eat; it would not be proper if I partake of the food
without making offerings to those who are not allowed by their
disciplinary rules to prepare and cook their own food.”