The Second Treatise on the Perfections – 2646
recorded on palm leaves or in books. The gift of Dhamma (
Dhamma-
dāna
), therefore, means here teaching the scriptures or giving the
knowledge of the Buddha’s teachings to others. The scripture is the gift-
object, the material that is given; the listener is the recipient; and one
who teaches or expounds the Dhamma is the supporter.
2. In the second type of gifts of dhamma (
dhamma-dāna
), mental objects
(
dhamma
) refers to the phenomena included in the Abhidhamma
classification of gifts into six classes: Gifts of forms (
rūpa-dāna
),
sounds (
sadda-dāna
), smells (
gandha-dāna
), tastes (
rasa-dāna
), touches
(
phoṭṭhabba-dāna
) and mental objects (
dhamma-dāna
). The mental
objects, in this particular case, is explained as all that forms the object
of the mind or mental objects. The mental objects are: 1) The five sense
organs (
pasāda-rūpa
); 2) the sixteen subtle forms (
sukhuma-rūpa
); 3)
the 89 states of consciousness (
citta
); 4) the 52 mental factors (
cetasika
);
5) Nibbāna; and 6) concepts (
paññatti
). Whereas in the noble scriptures
(
pariyatti-dhamma
), the Dhamma means “noble” here it has the sense of
“the truth concerning the real nature of things.”
Gifts of mental objects of this type are made through rendering
assistance to those afflicted with physical disabilities, for example,
weak eyesight, trouble in hearing, etc. Helping others to improve their
eyesight (
cakkhu-dhamma-dāna
); helping them to improve their hearing
(
sota-dhamma-dāna
), etc. The most distinctive giving of this type is the
promotion of the longevity of others (
jīvita-dāna
). In a similar manner,
the remaining gifts of the type: smells (
gandha
), tastes (
rasa
), touches
(
phoṭṭhabba
) and mental objects (
dhamma
) may be understood.
3. In the third type of gifts of Dhamma (
Dhamma-dāna
), Dhamma refers
to the Three Treasures: the Buddha, the Dhamma and the Saṅgha. As in
the first type of gift of Dhamma, the Dhamma here means the
scriptures, or the teaching of the Buddha; whereas in the second type,
the phenomena is a gift-object for offering, while the listener is the
recipient. In this third type, the Dhamma, which is a part of the trinity
of the Buddha, the Dhamma and the Saṅgha, itself forms the recipient
to which offerings are to be made. When the Buddha and the Saṅgha
become recipients, the associated Dhamma also becomes a recipient of
offerings.