The Second Treatise on the Perfections – 2645
exercise of mindfulness, any desire for fame, bearing in mind that they
make the gift in order to set an example to those who wish to acquire
merit.
3. When the supporter aspires for a happy life as a human or celestial
being, his gift is of an inferior type; when the aspiration is for the
attainment of Awakening as a disciple (
sāvaka-bodhi-ñāṇa
), or as an
Independent Buddha (
Pacceka-buddha-ñāṇa
), the gift is a medium one;
when one aspires for Perfect Self-Awakening (
Sammā-sambodhi-ñāṇa
),
one’s gift is of a superior order.
By Awakening is meant knowledge of one of the four paths. The sages of
the past advised that, in order for the gift to serve as a means of escape
from the round of rebirths (
vivaṭṭa-nissita
), one should never make a gift
in a haphazard or casual manner; one should seriously and positively
aspire for one of the three forms of Awakening while making an offering.
4. Again, gifts may be of three types: Gifts fit for a servant (
dāna-dāsa
);
gifts fit for a friend (
dāna-sahāya
); and gifts fit for a master (
dāna-
sāmi
).
Just as in everyday life one uses materials of good quality while offering
the servants inferior quality, so also if one makes a gift of materials which
are poorer in quality than those enjoyed by oneself, the gift is of the
inferior type (
dāna-dāsa
), fit for a servant. Just as
[1544]
in everyday life
one offers one’s friends things which one uses and enjoys, so also if one
makes a gift of materials which are of the same quality as used by oneself,
then the gift is said to be of the medium type (
dāna-sahāya
). Just as in
everyday life if one makes a present of gifts to one’s superior of things
better in quality than those enjoyed by oneself, so also if one gives a gift of
superior quality materials, then the gift is said to be of a superior order
(
dāna-sāmi
).
1. There are three types of gifts of Dhamma (
Dhamma-dāna
), the division
being based on the meaning of the word
Dhamma
for each type. In the
first type of Dhamma gifts, Dhamma is the one associated with the
material Dhamma gift (
āmisa-dhamma-dāna
), mentioned above under
the gift (
dāna
) categories by twos. Therein, it was stated that the
material Dhamma gift
is the gift of palm-leaf scriptures or books of the
Three Baskets (
Tipiṭaka
). In this classification, the Dhamma is the
scriptures themselves, the Dhamma that was taught by the Buddha and