The Second Treatise on the Perfections – 2642
visiting monastics; an offering of food to monastics who are setting out on a
journey are all gifts made at a specific time for a specific purpose and are called
timely
[1542]
gifts (
kāla-dāna
); all other gifts made as one wishes without
reference to any particular time are called offerings made at any time (
akāla-
dāna
).
Offerings made on specific occasions (
kāla-dāna
)
are of greater merit than the
offerings made at any time (
akāla-dāna
) because the offering is made to meet
the specific needs at a specific time. The specific occasion type of offering, at
the time of its fruition, brings specific good results at the time they are needed.
For example, if the supporter wishes for something special to eat, his wish is
immediately fulfilled; likewise if he wishes to have some special clothes to wear,
he will receive them. These are examples of special merits that accrue from
offerings made at specific times to meet specific needs.
21. Offerings Witnessed and not Witnessed
Offerings made in the presence of the supporter (
paccakkha-dāna
) and offerings
made in the absence of the supporter (
apaccakkha-dāna
).
The Pāḷi word
paccakkha
is made up of
pati
and
akkha
.
Pati
means towards;
akkha
means the five senses: eye, ear, nose, tongue, body. Although
paccakkha
is
generally “before the eye,” its complete meaning should be “perceptible to the
senses.” Thus
paccakkha-dāna
has a wider scope, not just the kind of offering
which can be seen by the supporter but also those which can be perceived by his
other senses, by sound, smell, taste and touch. In this connection, it should be
noted that offerings made in the presence of the supporter (
paccakkha-dāna
) are
not exactly the same as that made with one’s own hands (
sāhatthika-dāna
).
Offerings made in one’s presence at one’s instance but not actually with one’s
own hands are offerings made at one’s request or command (
āṇattika-dāna
).
22. Matched and Matchless Offerings
Offerings matched by someone else (
sadisa-dāna
) and offerings which cannot be
matched by anyone (
asadisa-dāna
).
When offerings are made in a spirit of competition, supporters make efforts to
excel their rivals in the scale and magnificence of generosity. In such
competitions, the offerings that prove to be incomparable, inimitable, are called
an unrivalled alms giving (
asadisa-dāna
).