The Second Treatise on the Perfections – 2641
much devotion. After recitation of the protection discourses (
paritta
),
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when
the time comes for the actual announcement of the offering, the monastic wants
to be offered the monastery as an offering made to a particular individual
(
puggalika-dāna
), because he feels that living in a monastery meant for the
whole Saṅgha entails so many liabilities and responsibilities. But the supporter
prefers to make it a gift to the whole Saṅgha (
Saṅghika-dāna
) because, he
believes, such a gift (
dāna
) is superior and of much merit. The congregation
resolves the disagreement between the supporter and his preceptor by asking the
supporter to make the offering, saying: “I give this monastery to the Saṅgha who
is present here and now,” which is an offering to the Saṅgha which is actually
present at the time and place (
sammukhī-bhūta-saṅghika
). Then nine monastics
of the congregation, saying to the remaining one: “We relinquish our right of
possession of the monastery to your reverence,” hand over the new monastery to
him and leave.
In this manner, such procedures are liable to be followed, believing that by so
doing, the supporter’s wish for a gift to the whole Saṅgha (
Saṅghika-dāna
)
is
fulfilled and the recipient who prefers individual ownership is also happy since
the nine co-owners have relinquished their right of possession of the monastery
making him the sole owner.
But, in reality, such a procedure is not proper and should not be followed. The
gift of a monastery is a weighty, important one; the ten monastics to whom the
monastery has been offered cannot make any kind of apportionment of the
offering between them; and the supporter’s gift amounts only to a gift to the ten
monastics present on the occasion and not to the Saṅgha as a whole.
20. Offerings Made at a Specific Time and at Any Time
There are offerings made on specific occasions (
kāla-dāna
) and offerings made
at any time (
akāla-dāna
).
An offering of Cloth (
Kaṭhina
) at the end of the Rains Retreat (
Vassa
) for the
duration of one month; an offering of robes at the beginning of the Rains
Retreat (
Vassa
); an offering of dietary food to the sick; an offering of food to
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Paritta
, protection discourses; it is a Buddhist custom to recite certain discourses such
as the discourses on the Blessings (
Maṅgala
), Treasures (
Ratana
), Loving-kindness
(
Metta
), etc. to ward off evil influences.