The Second Treatise on the Perfections – 2639
concern the lay supporter; only the seven types of offerings for the Saṅgha
mentioned above concern them. The Vinaya distinctions are made for the
Saṅgha only so that they would know how to distribute the offerings amongst
themselves. The four categories are:
1. Offerings to be distributed amongst the Saṅgha which is actually
present at the time and place (
sammukhī-bhūta-saṅghika
).
Suppose an offering of robes is made at a certain place in towns or villages
where some monastics have gathered together, and the offering is made to
the noble Saṅgha as a whole by the supporter saying: “I give to the Saṅgha.”
It will be difficult to reach all the various noble monastics in the town or
the village concerned. The distribution is, therefore, to be made amongst
the Saṅgha present at the place and the time. Hence it is called offerings to
be distributed amongst the Saṅgha which is actually present at the time
and place (
sammukhī-bhūta-saṅghika
), here,
sammukhī-bhūta
means
present at the time and place;
Saṅghika
means belonging to the Saṅgha.
2. Offerings to be distributed amongst the Saṅgha residing in the whole
compound of the monastery (
ārāmaṭṭha-saṅghika
).
Suppose a supporter comes into the compound of a monastery and makes
an offering of robes to a monastic or monastics whom he meets, saying: “I
give it to the Saṅgha.” As the offering is made within the compound of the
monastery, it belongs to all the Saṅgha residing in that whole compound of
the monastery, not just to the monastics who are in the vicinity. Hence it is
called an offering to be distributed amongst the Saṅgha residing in the
whole compound of the monastery (
ārāmaṭṭha-saṅghika
), here,
ārāmaṭṭha
means residing in the compound;
Saṅghika
means belonging to the Saṅgha.
3. Offerings which belong to the Saṅgha of whichever place they have
been taken to (
gatāgata-saṅghika
).
Suppose a supporter comes to a monastery where a solitary monastic
resides and makes an offering of 100 robes, saying: “I give to the Saṅgha.”
If the residing monastic is well-versed in the disciplinary rules, he can take
possession of all the offerings for himself by simply remarking: “At the
present moment, in this monastery, I am the sole monastic; all these 100
robes, therefore belong to
[1541]
me and I take possession of them.” He
has the right according to the Discipline to do so; he cannot be faulted for
monopolising the offering made to the Saṅgha.