The Second Treatise on the Perfections – 2634
It should be well noted, therefore, that it is blameworthy only when we make an
offering with bad intentions of approving and encouraging an immoral monastic
in his evil practices; without taking into considerations his habits, if one makes
the offering with a pure mind, thinking only “one should give if someone who
comes for a donation,” it is quite blameless.
Seven Kinds of Offerings to the Saṅgha
1. An offering made to the community of both monks and nuns led by the
Buddha, while he is still living.
2. An offering made to the community of both monks and nuns after the
Parinibbāna of the Buddha.
3. An offering made to the community of monastics only.
4. An offering made to the community of nuns only.
5. An offering made with the whole Saṅgha in mind to a group of monks
and nuns as nominated by the Saṅgha.
Such an offering is made when the supporter could not afford to give
offerings to all the monks and nuns and requests the Saṅgha to nominate a
certain number of monks and nuns to receive the offerings. The Saṅgha
nominates the required number of monks and nuns, and the supporter
makes the offerings to that group of monks and nuns with the whole
Saṅgha in mind.
6. An offering made to a group of monastics only, with the whole Saṅgha
in mind, after requesting the Saṅgha to nominate the number he could
afford to give to.
7. An offering made with the whole of the Saṅgha in mind to a group of
nuns only after requesting the Saṅgha to nominate the number he could
afford to give to.
During the Buddha’s lifetime, people were generally not disposed to form
attachment to, or concern themselves with, individual personalities; they had
their mind bent on the Saṅgha as a whole and thus were able to make many
offerings of a noble kind to the Saṅgha (
Saṅghika-dāna
). Consequently, the
needs of the members of the Saṅgha were mostly met by the distributions made
to the Saṅgha; they had little need to rely on laymen and laywomen
[1537]
supporters and, therefore, had little attachment to them as “the supporters of my