The Second Treatise on the Perfections – 2633
remember that anyone who has become a Buddhist, at the very least, takes
refuge in the Three Treasures; and the commentary says that whoever takes
refuge in the Three Treasures is a person who is practising for the realisation of
Stream-entry (
Sotāpatti-phala
). Furthermore, when an offering made to an
ordinary lay person who is devoid of morality, while the teaching of Buddha is
not in existence, could be of much benefit, there is no doubt that offerings made
to an ordinary lay person devoid of morality while the teaching of the Buddha is
still existing would be beneficial too.
Again, in the Questions of King Milinda (
Milinda-pañha
), Ven. Nāgasena
explains that an immoral monastic is superior to an immoral lay person in ten
respects, such as reverence shown to the Buddha, reverence shown to the
Dhamma, reverence shown to the Saṅgha, etc. Thus, according to Milinda’s
Questions, an immoral monastic is superior to an immoral lay person; and since
he is listed by the commentary as one who is practising for the realisation of
Stream-entry (
Sotāpatti-phala
), one should not say that it is blameworthy and
fruitless to make an offering to a monastic who is devoid of morality.
There is yet another point of view in connection with this matter. At a time
when there is no teaching of the Buddha, immoral monastics cannot cause any
harm to the teaching; but when the teaching is in existence, they can bring harm
to it. For that reason, no offering should be made to monastics who are devoid
of morality during the period when there is the Buddha’s teaching. But that view
is shown by the Buddha to be untenable.
At the conclusion of the discourse on the seven kinds of offering to the Saṅgha
(
Saṅghika-dāna
), the Buddha explains to Ānanda:
[1536]
“Ānanda, in times to
come, there will appear vile monastics, devoid of morality, who are monastics
only in name, who will wear their robes round their necks. With the intention of
giving to the Saṅgha, offerings will be made to these immoral monastics. Even
when offered in this manner, an offering meant for the whole Saṅgha
(
Saṅghika-dāna
) I declare, will bring innumerable, inestimable benefits.”
There is still another point to take into consideration. Of the four purities of
offerings (
dakkhiṇā-visuddhi
), the first purity is that even if the receiver is of
impure morality, when the supporter is moral, the offering is pure by reason of
purity of the supporter. For these reasons also, one should not say that an
immoral monastic cannot be a receiver and that no benefit will accrue by
making an offering to him.