The Second Treatise on the Perfections – 2630
When the offering is made of the food leftover after one has finished eating, it
is a gift of the leftovers, an offering made with what is leftover (
ucchiṭṭha-dāna
),
a wretched, inferior one. It should be noted, however, that the humble offering
made by one who has nothing else to give but the leftover meal could well be
called an offering made with what is not leftover (
anucchiṭṭha-dāna
). It is only
when such an offering is made by one who can well afford to make a better gift
that his gift is regarded as a wretched, inferior one (
ucchiṭṭha-dāna
).
18. Offerings Made While Alive and after Passing
There is an offering made while one is still alive (
sājīva-dāna
); and an offering
which is meant to become effective after one’s death, saying: “I give such of my
property to such and such a person; let him take possession of it after my death
and make use of it as he wishes” (
accaya-dāna
).
A monastic is not permitted to make an offering which is meant to become
effective after one’s death, i.e., he cannot leave his properties as gifts for others
after his death. Even if he should do so, it does not constitute an act of giving
(
dāna
); the would-be recipient also would have no right of possession to them. If
a monastic gives from his properties to another monastic while he is still living,
the receiver is entitled to what is given to him; or while the monastic is still alive,
some monastic who is on intimate terms (
vissāsa-gaha
) with him can take it and
come to possess it; or if he owns something jointly (
dvi-santaka
) with another
monastic, when he dies, the surviving monastic becomes the sole owner. Unless
these conditions are fulfilled: giving his property during his lifetime, taking
possession of it by reason of intimacy while he is still alive, or possessing it
through dual ownership, the monastic’s property becomes the property of the
Saṅgha when he dies.
Therefore, if a monastic makes an offering which is meant to become effective
after one’s death (
accaya-dāna
), saying: “I give such of my property to such and
such a person when I die. Let him take possession of them,” it amounts to giving
a property which by then belongs to the Saṅgha. His giving does not form an act
of giving (
dāna
), and the would-be recipient is also not entitled to its ownership.
It is only amongst the laymen that such kinds of gifts (
accaya-dāna
) are possible
and legal.