The Second Treatise on the Perfections – 2622
Honouring with an offering when the gift is made by a younger person or by a
person of lower status to an older person or person of higher status (
pūjā-dāna
);
and an offering to render assistance out of kindness when a gift is given by an
older person or a person of higher status to one who is younger or of lower
status (
anuggaha-dāna
).
But as we have seen before in the chapter V on the Prophecy, the word
honouring (
pūjā
) can be used for both the high or the low, and the word assisting
(
anuggaha
) is likewise applicable to both cases. It is true that, generally,
assisting is used when the giving is made by the high to the low or by the old to
the young. But we must, however, remember the usages of
amisānuggaha
and
Dhammānuggaha
to describe the assistance rendered and support given for the
progress and development of the Buddha’s teaching. Here, the word assisting is
employed even though the gift is being made to the highest and the noblest
teaching of the Buddha. Thus, it should be noted that the division into honouring
(
pūjā-dāna
) and assisting (
anuggaha-dāna
) is not an absolute division into two
aspects of giving (
dāna
) but rather a classification following common usage.
2. Offering One’s Self and External Property
There is an gift of one’s own person (
ajjhattika-dāna
) and a gift of external
property (
bāhira-dāna
). An gift of one’s own person means the giving away of
one’s own life and limbs; gifts
[1530]
of external property include giving any of
the external material possessions of the supporter.
Even in these modern times, we read sometimes in the newspapers of an
offering of one’s own limbs at the relic shrine (
stūpa
) or of “honouring with the
gift” of burning oneself after wrapping the whole body with cloth and pouring
oil on it. Some comments have been made on such kinds of giving (
dāna
)
involving one’s limbs. According to them, such offerings of one’s life and limbs
are deeds to be performed only by great Bodhisattas and are not the concern of
ordinary persons. They doubt if such offerings made by ordinary persons
produce any merit at all.
Now to consider whether such views are justified or not, it is not as if a
Bodhisatta can suddenly make his appearance in this world. Only after gradually
fulfilling the required perfections to the best of his ability, an individual grows
in maturity and develops stage by stage to become a Bodhisatta. Ancient poets
have written thus: “Only by gradual venture, one ensures continuous