The Second Treatise on the Perfections – 2621
“Regions on the other side of the ocean” from Śrī Laṅkā implies Jambudīpa or
India. Therefore, it should be noted that the ceremony of libation is a practice
traditionally followed by the people of India.
Considering that there are regions where they set a great store by the ceremony
of libation and there are regions where they set no great store by the ceremony
of libation, it cannot be said that an offering constitutes an act of generosity
only when it is finalised by a ceremony of libation. The ceremony is important
only for those who follow the tradition of libation; it is clear that no
significance is attached to it by those who do not follow the tradition. It should
be noted, therefore, that a libation ceremony is not a primary factor for the
successful completion of an act of generosity.
With respect to the gift of the teaching (
Dhamma-dāna
), there are, nowadays,
people who are unable to teach the Dhamma but who, bent on making a gift of
the teaching, spend money on books, palm-leaf scripts, etc. of canonical texts
and make a gift of them. Although such a donation of books is not truly a gift of
the teaching, we must consider that since a reader will be benefitted by reading
in the books, practices and instructions which will lead him to Nibbāna, the
supporter may be regarded as one who makes a gift of the teaching.
It is like the case of one who has no medicine to give to a sick person, but only a
prescription for a cure of the illness. When the medicine is prepared as
prescribed and taken, the illness is removed. Although the person does not
actually administer any medicine, because of his effective prescription, he is
entitled to be regarded as one who has brought about the cure of the illness.
Likewise, the supporter of books on Dhamma who personally cannot teach the
Dhamma enables the readers of his books to attain knowledge of the Dhamma
and thus is entitled to be called the supporter of the gift of Dhamma.
Now, to conclude this section, the pair of gifts mentioned above: gifts of
material things (
āmisa-dāna
) and gifts of Dhamma (
Dhamma-dāna
) may also be
called honouring with material things (
āmisa-pūjā
) and honouring with the
Dhamma (
Dhamma-pūjā
); the terms mean the same thing.
The word
pūjā
means “honouring” and is generally used when a younger person
makes an offering to an older person or a person of higher status. Depending on
this general usage, some people have stated that gifts
(
dāna
) should be divided
into honouring (
pūjā-dāna
) and assisting (
anuggaha-dāna
).