The Second Treatise on the Perfections – 2615
2. Why Are They Called Generosity?
The volition is called generosity because it is responsible for an act of giving to
take place. There can be no generosity without the volition to give; an act of
generosity is possible only when there is the volition to give.
In this connection, by volition is meant:
1. The volition that arises at the time of making a donation, a
relinquishing volition (
muñca-cetanā
). Here,
muñca
means
relinquishing. It is only this volition which accompanies the act of
relinquishing that forms the true element of generosity.
2. The volition that arises in anticipation before one makes the donation
[1526]
(
pubba-cetanā
). This type of volition can also be considered as
generosity, provided that the object to be given is at hand at the time
that the intention to make an offering of the object occurs. Without the
object to be given being actually in one’s possession, cherishing the
thought of generosity may be called preceding intention (
pubba-cetanā
)
but cannot qualify as generosity; it can only be a benevolent thought of
ordinary merit.
How volition comes to be taken as synonymous with giving is based on the
grammatical definition of: That which prompts giving is generosity (
dīyati
anenā ti dānaṁ
).” Volition, here, is definitely the determining cause of
generosity.
Things to be given are also called
dāna
from the grammatical definition: Objects
which could be offered as alms (
dīyatī ti dānaṁ
).
Following these grammatical definitions, the texts of the canon mention two
kinds of generosity: volitional generosity and material generosity. In this
connection, questions have been asked why objects to be offered are called
generosity, since only volition is capable of producing results and material
objects are not. It is true that only volition is productive of results because
volition is a mental action but as explained above, volition can be called
generosity only if it arises when there exist suitable things to be given.
Therefore, a material object for giving is also an important contributory factor
for an act of giving to qualify as generosity (
dāna
).