The Second Treatise on the Perfections – 2611
when there is charity, there must be giving. The reason is that when an offering
is made to a recipient, whether he is near or far, it is an act of giving (
dāna
).
When the sense of ownership is banished from the mind at the time of giving,
this relinquishment is charity
(
pariccāga
). Thus, whenever someone makes a gift,
it is always preceded by the thought: “I will not make use of it any more,” which
implies charity. Therefore, with deeds of merit, there is charity (
pariccāga
)
always accompanying giving (
dāna
).
In the Chronicles of the Buddhas (
Buddha-vaṁsa
) also, in dealing with the ten
perfections, the Buddha mentions only the perfection of generosity not the
“perfection of charity (
cāga
)” because, as explained above, charity is included in
an act of generosity. As the text of the Chronicles of the Buddhas deals only
with the ultimate truth without considering the conventional usages, it mentions
that making an offering to any recipients, whether of high, medium or low
status, is generosity (
dāna
). It is incorrect to say that it is giving when an
offering is made to a noble person and charity when the recipient is of low
status.
Similarly, in the Collection of the Numerical Discourses (
Aṅguttara-nikāya
) and
other Pāḷi texts, we find the enumeration of the seven riches of a noble person as
follows: faith, morality, knowledge, charity (
cāga
), wisdom, conscience about
doing evil, and concern about doing evil. There is only charity (
cāga
) in the list;
there is no mention of giving (
dāna
) here because it is understood that
generosity is included in charity (
cāga
).
These are even examples where
dāna
and
cāga
are mentioned without any
distinction, with identical meaning.
Where Giving Is Termed Charity
Although any act of giving may generally be described as a perfection of
generosity, great offerings of extraordinary nature are described in the texts as
great charity (
mahā-pariccāga
). The great charity which consist of the five
kinds of relinquishing of possessions are listed differently in different
commentaries.
Commentaries on the Collection of the Long Discourses (
Dīgha-nikāya
), the
Collection of the Middle Length Discourses (
Majjhima-nikāya
) and the
Collection of the Numerical Discourses (
Aṅguttara-nikāya
) in explaining the
meaning of the word Realised One (
Tathāgata
), list the great charities as follows: