The Second Treatise on the Perfections – 2610
open, so that whoever wished might go and help themselves to whatever they
liked, he renounced the worldly life and went away.
It may be said that in the above story, distribution of wealth personally by the
Bodhisatta during the first seven days is an act of generosity (
dāna
), whereas
abandoning of the remaining wealth after seven day’s personal distribution is an
act of charity (
pariccāga
). The reason for such distinction is that for an offering
to be an act of generosity (
dāna
), four conditions must be fulfilled: 1) A
supporter; 2) objects to offer; 3) a recipient actually present to receive; and 4)
the volition to give. The wise man Akitti’s distribution of wealth during the first
seven days fulfils all these conditions. Hence, it is an
[1523]
act of generosity
(
dāna
). After seven days had passed, he went away leaving his wealth before any
recipient went near or arrived to actually receive the gifts. Hence, it is said that
such offering should be regarded as charity.
In everyday practices which are not deeds of merit, when we give something to
someone, we just say we “give;” the Pāḷi word is
deti
. But when we part with our
property with the thought: “Let whoever wants it, take it; if no one wants it,
then let it be,” it is not giving away but discarding or charity; in Pāḷi, it is not
called
dāna
but
cāga
or
pariccāga
.
In short, when we hand over the possession of our property to another person, it
is said to be given away or an act of generosity. When we relinquish the wish to
possess the property which is our own, it is termed abandoning or discarding as
one would cast aside anything which is of no more use.
Another method of differentiation is: Giving to noble persons is generosity
(
dāna
); giving to persons of lower status is charity (
pariccāga
). Thus, when a
king, in performance of the ten duties of a king, makes an offering to noble
monastics, Brahmins, etc., it would be giving (
dāna
); when he offers alms to
lowly beggars, it would be charity (
pariccāga
).
In this way, it should be noted how generosity (
dāna
) is distinguished from
charity (
pariccāga
).
Where Giving and Charity are Similar
Although giving (
dāna
) and charity (
pariccāga
) are treated separately as in the
list of the ten duties of a king, shown above, in ultimate truth, the two terms
cannot be different from each other. When there is giving, there must be charity;