The Second Treatise on the Perfections – 2608
Whenever a person ponders deeply on certain mind-objects, what usually
appears in his mind relates to the nature of the mind-object under consideration,
it relates to its function; it relates to its cause; it relates to it effect. The
manifestations which thus appear in his mind concerning the mind-object he is
thinking about is called its manifestation. For example, when a person starts to
investigate: “What is meritoriousness?” it would appear in his mind,
“meritoriousness is of the nature of purity” regarding its nature;
“meritoriousness is that which counteracts or obliterates demeritoriousness”
regarding its function; “meritoriousness is possible only when one associates
with the good and virtuous” regarding its cause; “meritoriousness is that which
enables the production of desirable results” regarding its fruition.
The immediate and the most powerful contributory factor for its arising is
called the proximate cause. For example, of many factors which cause the
arising of meritoriousness, a proper attitude of mind is the immediate and the
most powerful contributory factor for its arising and is therefore termed its
proximate cause (
padaṭṭhāna
) in the texts.
[1522]
1. The Perfection of Generosity
410
Two Kinds of Giving
The essential thing to know concerning the perfection of generosity (
dāna-
pāramī
) is that anything which is given away or any act of giving is generosity
(
dāna
). There are two kinds of giving:
1. Giving as an act of merit (
puñña-visaya-dāna
).
2. Giving in conformity with worldly practices (
loka-visaya-dāna
).
Acts of giving out of pure faith are deeds of merit (
puñña-visaya-dāna
) and only
such givings constitute the perfection of generosity.
But gifts given in pursuit of love or out of anger, fear, or foolishness, etc. and
even giving punishment, giving a sentence of death, are worldly giving. They do
not form part of perfection of generosity.
410
[
Dāna
is a particularly difficult word to cover with one word. Here I have translated
it as generosity, giving, gifts and offerings, as appropriate.]