The Second Treatise on the Perfections – 2604
The Word Perfection
The possible meanings of the word
pāramī
have been variously explained in the
Basket of Conduct (
Cariyā-piṭaka
) commentary. Just to let the reader have an
idea:
Pāramī
is the combination of
parama
and
ī
.
Parama
means “most excellent,”
which is used here in the sense of Bodhisattas, who are the most excellent ones.
Or
pāramī
derives from the root
para
with the suffix
ma
. The root
para
means
“to fulfil” or “to protect.” Because they fulfil and protect such virtues as alms
giving (
dāna
), etc., Bodhisattas are called
parama
.
Or
para
, a prefix, is attached to the root
mava
, meaning “to bind.” Because
Bodhisattas behave as though they bind on and attract other beings to them by
means of special virtues, they are called
parama
.
Or
paraṁ
, a prefix is attached to the root
maja
meaning “to be pure;”
paraṁ
means “more.” Because Bodhisattas are free of mental impurities and far purer
than others, they are called
parama
.
Or
paraṁ
, a prefix, is attached to the root
maya
meaning “to go;”
param
means
“superior.” Because Bodhisattas go to the superior state of Nibbāna in a special
manner, they are called
parama
.
Or
paraṁ
, a prefix, is attached to the root
mu
meaning “to determine.” Because
Bodhisattas determine their next existence as they do in the case of the present,
they are called
parama
.
What this means to say is that as Bodhisattas are able to ascertain precisely
what should be done to make the present existence pleasant and faultless,
so are they able to do with regard to their next existence. That is, they
have the ability to improve their existences.
Or
paraṁ
, a prefix, is attached to the root
mi
meaning “to put in;”
paraṁ
means
[1520]
“more.” Because Bodhisattas “put in” more and more such virtues as
morality (
sīla
), etc. in their mental process, they are called
parama
.
Or
paraṁ
means “different from” or “opposed to;” the root is
mi
, meaning “to
crush.” Because Bodhisattas crush all their enemies, which in the form of
impurities, are different from and opposed to all virtues, so they are called
parama
.