The Second Treatise on the Perfections – 2603
as an equal of the powerful Devas, he did not have to make way for them. On
the other hand, although Aṅkura had made large amounts of gifts over a very
long period of time, the recipients were worldlings and consequently the
beneficial result that accrued was not of a high order. And he had to move back
every time a powerful Deva arrived. Therefore, we find in the Pāḷi text the
exhortation (Pv 329): “When an offering is to be made, the one who can bring
the greatest benefit should be chosen as the recipient (
viceyya dānaṁ dātabbaṁ
yattha dinnaṁ mahapphalaṁ
).” There seems to be a contradiction between the
Pāḷi text of the Chronicles of the Buddhas and the discourses such as the
Discourse giving an Analysis of Offerings (
Dakkhiṇā-vibhaṅga-sutta
, MN 142),
etc. and other Pāḷi texts. The seeming contradiction is easily resolved when one
remembers that discourses such as the Discourse giving an Analysis of Offerings
are meant for ordinary people or Devas, whereas the discussions in the
Chronicles of the Buddhas are directed exclusively to the Bodhisattas, whose
goal is attainment of omniscience (
sabbaññutā-ñāṇa
), or the Buddha-wisdom.
This wisdom is only one kind and is not to be classified into low, medium or
great wisdom.
A Bodhisatta has only to give away whatever he has to offer to whoever comes
along to receive them, irrespective of his status whether high, medium or low.
He does not have to consider thus: “This recipient is of low status; by making an
offering to him, I shall gain only a low order of omniscience. This recipient is
only of medium status; by making offerings to him, I shall gain omniscience
merely of medium order.” Therefore, giving of alms to whoever comes along to
receive them without any discrimination is the habitual practice of Bodhisattas,
who are bent on attainment of omniscience (
sabbaññutā-ñāṇa
). On the other
hand, the aim of ordinary worldlings, Devas or humans, in practising generosity
is to gain worldly comforts of their liking, and as such, it is natural that they
would choose the best recipient for their alms.
It may be concluded, therefore, that there is no contradiction between the texts
in the Chronicles of the Buddhas, which are intended for the great Bodhisattas,
and a discourse such as the Discourse giving an Analysis of Offerings, which is
meant for ordinary people and Devas.