The Second Treatise on the Perfections – 2602
Nibbāna. For practising generosity alone implies that it is not accompanied by
morality nor by meditation. Similarly, practising meditation alone means that it
is practised without the support of morality and generosity. When not restrained
by morality, one is liable to indulge in evil deeds. If such a person of evil habits
attempts to practise meditation, his efforts will be futile like a good seed which,
when put on red-hot iron, does not produce a sprout but turns to ashes. Thus, it
should be noted that it is improper to speak of “practising generosity alone.”
The Recipient of Generosity
In the chapter on generosity in the Chronicles of the Buddhas, it is clearly stated
that alms should be given irrespective of the recipient’s status, whether high,
medium or low. In view of such a firm statement, it is neither desirable nor
necessary to pick and choose the recipient when one makes an offering.
But in the Discourse giving an Analysis of Offerings (
Dakkhiṇā-vibhaṅga-sutta
,
MN 142), the Buddha taught seven kinds of gifts to be made to the Saṅgha, the
community of monastics, and fourteen kinds of gift to be made to individual
recipients. It is pointed out with regard to the fourteen kinds of gifts made to
individual recipients, the merit gained increases according to the recipient,
going up from the lowliest animals to the highest beings; the most meritorious
gift is, of course, that made to the community of monastics.
Again, in the Story about the Peta Aṅkura (
Peta-vatthu
, Pv 21), we find the
story of two Devas. When the Buddha taught the Abhidhamma while being
seated on Sakka’s throne in the abode of Tāvatiṁsa, two Devas, Indaka and
Aṅkura, went to listen to the discourse. Whenever powerful Devas arrived,
Aṅkura had to make way for them and move back until he was ten leagues away
from the Buddha.
But Indaka remained in his seat; he did not have to move. The reason is as
follows: At the time when the human lifespan was 10,000 years, Aṅkura was a
human being and was very rich. Throughout that life he made offerings of meals
to large numbers of ordinary people, cooking the meals on fireplaces which
stretched for twelve leagues. Because of the merit gained, he had taken rebirth
as a Deva. Indaka, however, became a Deva because he had offered a spoonful
of rice to Arahat Anuruddha.
Although the offering Indaka had made was just a spoonful of rice, as the
recipient was an
[1519]
Arahat, the merit he acquired was great and noble. Thus,