The Second Treatise on the Perfections – 2601
Everyone who does not become an Arahat in this life will go through more
rounds in the cycle of existence. In doing so, it will be difficult for them to
attain favourable states of existence without practising generosity in the present
life. Even if they happen to gain a good rebirth, they will find themselves
lacking in material possessions, without which they cannot do meritorious deeds.
In such a case, it may be argued that they could devote themselves to the
practice of morality, concentration and wisdom. But this is easier
[1518]
said than done. Indeed, it is only with the support of the beneficial results
of past deeds of generosity that the three trainings of morality,
concentration and wisdom can be cultivated successfully.
Therefore, it is most important for those who still have to go on this long
journey in Saṁsāra, the cycle of existence, to cultivate generosity. Only when
one is equipped with the “provisions for a long journey,” namely, generosity,
then only can one reach a good destination, and while there, possessing material
wealth as the fruits of the generosity of past lives, one can devote oneself to the
pursuit of whatever meritorious deeds one wishes to.
Among the travellers in the round of this cycle of Saṁsāra, Bodhisattas are the
greatest individuals. After receiving a definite prophecy from a Buddha of his
becoming a Buddha, a Bodhisatta continues to fulfil the perfections for the
attainment of omniscience (
sabbaññutā-ñāṇa
) for four immeasurable aeons plus
100,000 aeons. A Paccekabuddha, i.e., a non-teaching Buddha, had to fulfil his
perfections for two immeasurable aeons plus 100,000 aeons; a Chief Disciple
(
Agga-sāvaka
) for one immeasurable aeon plus 100,000 aeons; and one of the
leading disciples (
mahā-sāvaka
) for 100,000 aeons. Therefore, for Bodhisattas,
who are great travellers on the long journey of Saṁsāra, perfection of
generosity is of primary importance, and as such, a place of prominence is given
to steadfast fulfilment of the perfection of generosity in the Pāḷi texts
concerning the Chronicles of the Buddhas.
Thus, as the discourse in the Discourse about the Tangle (
Jaṭā-sutta
, SN 1.23),
was addressed to individuals who are ripe for attainment of Awakening, those
who have not yet fulfilled the perfections should not say that the perfection of
generosity is not essential.
Those are some who ask if it is possible to attain Nibbāna by practising only
generosity. It may be replied that, practising only one perfection by itself,
neither generosity, nor morality, nor meditation, will result in the attainment of