2599
The Second Treatise on the Perfections
Miscellany
The Order of the Perfections
With
[1516]
regard to the perfection of generosity, it is clearly stated in the Pāḷi
canon concerning the Chronicles of the Buddhas that the Bodhisatta Sumedha
admonished himself to start forth with the practice of the perfection of
generosity since the Bodhisattas of the past had done so. It is clearly seen,
therefore, that amongst the ten perfections, perfection of giving or generous
giving demands the highest priority for fulfilment.
But in the Discourse about the Tangle (
Jaṭā-sutta
, SN 1.23.2) we find the verse:
Sīle patiṭṭhāya naro sapañño
, in which the Buddha explains that: “When a
person of mature wisdom
[1517]
has three root-conditions of greedlessness,
hatelessness, undeludedness, and is well established in morality,” he ardently
develops concentration and insight wisdom and can unravel the tangled network
of craving. Here, the Buddha mentions only the three trainings: morality (
sīla
),
concentration (
samādhi
) and wisdom (
paññā
); there is not even a hint about the
practice of generosity.
Furthermore, as the Path of Purification (
Visuddhi-magga
), which is the
expository treatise of the single verse quoted above, does not touch upon the
subject of generosity, and as the noble path of eight constituents which leads to
Nibbāna includes the paths concerning morality, concentration and wisdom only,
and there is no path including generosity, some people misconstrue it, thinking
that generosity is not regarded by the Buddhas as essential, that it is not
conducive to the attainment of Nibbāna, that it generates more rebirths in the
cycle of existence and, as such, generosity should not be cultivated.
The well-known minister of King Mindon, U Hlaing of Yaw, went so far as to
write in his book
the Taste of Liberation (
Vimutti-rasa
), that the Buddha taught
generosity only for the sake of very ordinary people such as a rich man’s son,
Siṅgāla.
There are many Buddhists who are offended by such observations as “generosity
should not be cultivated” and who are indignant at Yaw minister’s writing that
“the Buddha taught generosity only for the sake of very ordinary people.” But