The First Treatise on the Perfections – 2580
subjected to various ills and ailments, the body is devoid of substance; its
real essence is in observance of precepts (
sīla
); ultimately ending up in
destruction, life is devoid of substance; its real essence is development of
insight meditation. The commentary on The Birth Story about (the Wise
Ascetic) Kaṇha (
Kaṇha-jātaka
, Ja 440) gives an account on these subjects.
3. The meritorious deeds of giving, morality and cultivation (
bhāvanā
)
through the triad of giving, morality and meditation.
4. Three kinds of gift: the gift of material objects, the gift of harmlessness
and the gift of Dhamma, through giving, morality and wisdom
.
Through giving, the gift of material objects is accomplished; through
morality, the gift of harmlessness and through wisdom, the gift of
Dhamma.
In this way, gaining of triple, quadruple benefits through the remaining triads
and tetrads may be understood as is appropriate in each case.
Including the Six Perfections in the Four Foundations
Previously we have translated
adhiṭṭhāna
as “resolution” or
“determination,” but these words are not applicable here and “foundation”
seems more appropriate in this context. PED gives
adhiṭṭhāna
“in the sense
of fixed, permanent abode” besides “decision, resolution, self-
determination, will.”
Having shown how the ten perfections could be condensed into six by combining
similar ones, it could be shown again how the six can be included in the four
foundations (
adhiṭṭhāna
):
1. The foundation of truthfulness (
saccādhiṭṭhāna
) means Nibbāna, which
is absolute truth (
paramattha-sacca
), together with the initial practices
which lead to Nibbāna (
pubba-bhāga-paṭipada
): truthful speech (
vacī-
sacca
), abstention from falsehood (
virati-sacca
), which is a mental
concomitant of right speech (
sammā-vācā
) and truthful knowledge
(
ñāṇa-sacca
) which is a mental concomitant of wisdom (
paññā
).
Truthful speech, abstention from falsehood and truthful knowledge form a
supporting foundation for the Bodhisatta to stand on, in the course of
existences during which the perfections are fulfilled and in the existence
when he becomes a Buddha. Nibbāna as absolute truth forms a supporting
foundation on which he stands when he becomes a Buddha. Hence they
constitute the foundation of truthfulness.