The First Treatise on the Perfections – 2574
Different views held by different commentators may be looked up in the
exposition of the words:
Ko vibhāgo
in the commentary to the Basket of
Conduct (
Cariyā-piṭaka
, CpA, PTS 277).
[93]
To the question: “How many perfections (
pāramī
) are there?” the answer in
brief is: There are 30 perfections: ten ordinary perfections (
pāramī
), ten higher
perfections (
upapāramī
) and the ten supreme perfections (
paramattha-pāramī
).
To the
[94]
questions: “What are ordinary, higher and supreme perfections?” the
answer is provided in the commentary to the Basket of Conduct (
Cariyā-piṭaka
,
CpA). Therein, the commentator answers this question elaborately, giving
different interpretations, views and comments by diverse teachers. To reproduce
them all in this work would cause only confusion to readers, so we shall give
here only the view preferred by the commentator Ven. Mahā Dhammapāla
himself.
1. Giving away one’s external objects, such as wife, children, wealth and
property, is the ordinary perfection of giving (
dāna-pāramī
); giving up
one’s limbs, such as hands, feet, etc., is the higher perfection of giving
(
dāna-upapāramī
); giving up one’s life is the supreme perfection of
giving (
dāna-paramattha-pāramī
).
2. Likewise, observing a precept and not breaking them on account of
one’s external objects, such as wife, children, wealth and property, is the
ordinary perfection of morality (
sīla-pāramī
); observing a precept and
not breaking them on account of one’s limbs, such as hands, feet, etc., is
the higher perfection of morality; observing a precept and not breaking
them on account of one’s life is the supreme perfection of morality.
3. Cutting off attachment to one’s external objects and going forth from
household life is the ordinary perfection of renunciation (
nekkhamma-
pāramī
); cutting off attachment to one’s limbs, such as hands, feet, etc.,
and going forth from household life, is the higher perfection of
renunciation; cutting off attachment to one’s life and going forth from
household life is the supreme perfection of renunciation.
4. Rooting out attachment to one’s external objects and deciding
deliberately what is beneficial to beings and what is not is the ordinary
perfection of wisdom (
paññā-pāramī
); rooting out attachment to one’s
limbs, such as hands, feet, etc., and deciding deliberately what is