The First Treatise on the Perfections – 2565
and knowledge of skilful means (
upāya-kosalla-ñāṇa
) and which is preceded by
the knowledge of the dangers in them. Therefore, the Bodhisatta undertakes
first to discern the faults as they truly are in sense pleasures and existences by
means of the knowledge of danger (
ādīnava-ñāṇa
).
This is how he discerns these faults: “Because household life is the dwelling
place of all kinds of defilements, because there are impediments, such as wife
and children, etc., restricting one’s meritorious performances, because one gets
involved and entangled in multifarious activities such as trading and cultivation,
it is not a proper place where the happiness of renunciation can be achieved.”
The sensual pleasures of men, like a drop of honey on the sharp edge of a sword,
prove to be more harmful than enjoyable. Their enjoyment is short-lived, like a
theatrical show seen only by intermittent flashes of lightning. They are enjoyed
only through perverted perception, which is disorderly like the ornaments of a
mad man. They are as deceptive as a camouflaging object, which conceals a
heap of excreta, as unsatisfying as licking the moisture on one’s fingers. They
are afflictive, damaging, like the gorging of food by a famished person, causing
hordes of misfortune like the bait on a hook, causing suffering (
dukkha
) in the
past, present and future like the heat of burning fires. They are sticky like the
gum of a plant (
makkaṭa-lepa
). They form a means to conceal destructive objects
like the mantle of a murderer. Thus, discerning first the disadvantages in sense
pleasures and existences, and then the advantages of being free from them,
which is renunciation (
nekkhamma
), the Bodhisatta fulfils the perfection of
renunciation.
Since going forth from household life is the foundation of the perfection of
renunciation, at a time when there is no teaching of a Buddha, in order to fulfil
this perfection, the Bodhisatta takes up an ascetic life under recluses or
wanderers who uphold the doctrine of action (
kamma-vādī
) and the doctrine of
the efficacy of action (
kiriya-vādī
). However, when an Awakened One appears
in the world, he joins the Saṅgha in the Dispensation of the Buddha.
Having thus gone forth, he establishes himself in the abstentions (
vāritta-sīla
)
and good conduct (
cāritta-sīla
), as described above, and, in order to purify these
things, he undertakes the ascetic practices (
dhutaṅga
).
The Bodhisatta, who has thus washed away the mental defilements with the
clean water of morality, fortified by ascetic practices becomes endowed with