The First Treatise on the Perfections – 2557
become very pure in morality by arousing his inward sense of
conscience (
hirī
).
2. Undertaking the observance of precepts (
samādāna
). Likewise, a person,
who has taken precepts, reflects: “I am undertaking the observance of
precepts which are taken from such and such a teacher,” and, having
respect for other beings, he may become very pure in morality by
arousing his sense of concern about wrong doing (
ottappa
).
3. Non-transgression (
avītikkama
). When endowed with both conscience
and concern about doing wrong, there can be no transgression. Through
non-transgression, one may become pure in morality and be well
established in it.
4. Making amends in case of transgression (
paṭipākatika-karaṇa
). If due
to forgetfulness, one sometimes breaks a precept or two, then, through
one’s sense of of conscience and concern, one quickly makes amends by
the proper means of reinstating, such as confession or observance of
probation (
parivāsa
) and carrying out penance (
mānatta
) to become
pure again in morality.
After certain transgressions, a monastic has to observe probation and carry
out penance; a layman or a novice has to renew the undertaking for the
observance of the precepts to gain
[85]
reinstatement.
Abstention and Conduct
The morality which has been purified by means of the aforesaid four modes is of
two kinds: abstention (
vāritta-sīla
) and good conduct (
cāritta-sīla
).
Not doing what is prohibited by the Buddha and other noble persons who say:
“This is wrong; this should not be done; it should be abstained from.” Thus
abstaining from ten deeds of evil, such as killing, stealing, etc., is called
abstention (
vāritta-sīla
).
Showing respect to honourable persons, such as one’s teachers, parents or good
friends, and performing blameless, useful services for them is called good
conduct (
cāritta-sīla
).