The First Treatise on the Perfections – 2556
life,” he makes gifts of materials which are conducive to life-prolongation such
as an offering of food by tickets, and so on, or gets physicians to attend to the
sick and afflicted; or causes fishing nets, bird-cages, traps to be destroyed; or
liberates those who have been imprisoned; or causes a proclamation to be made
by a beating of gongs: “Slaughter of animals is forbidden; no fish or meat is to
be sold,” he undertakes the proclamation himself or causes others to do so for
the protection of the lives of living beings. Such a gift is also known as a gift of
mental objects (
dhamma-dāna
).
The Bodhisatta dedicates all the said accomplishments in generosity to the
happiness and welfare of the whole world of beings till they attain Nibbāna. He
dedicates them as supporting requisites to his attainment of Supreme Awakening,
to his inexhaustible will (
chanda
), energy (
viriya
), concentration (
samādhi
),
wisdom (
paññā
) and emancipation (
vimutti
) in becoming an Arahat.
In fulfilling the perfection of generosity, the Bodhisatta develops the perception
of impermanence with regard to his life and his possessions. He considers these
possessions as belonging to others as well. He constantly and continuously
develops great compassion towards beings. In developing such compassion, he is
gathering the essence of merit, which is worth extracting from his wealth. Just
like a person, whose house is blazing, removes himself and all his most valuable
belongings to a safe place, so does the Bodhisatta save himself and his valuable
assets from the great mansion of the three abodes, the realms of humans, Devas
and Brahmas, which are raging with the eleven fires of passion, hate, delusion,
birth, ageing, death, grief, lamentation, pain, distress and despair, by giving
them away generously without leaving anything behind. He does so without
concern, without discrimination as to what is to be given away or what is to be
kept for personal use.
2. How the Perfection of Morality is Fulfilled
Wishing to support others with material aids, one should, in the first instance,
strive to become possessed of wealth and property. Likewise, wishing to adorn
beings with the ornaments of morality, the Bodhisatta, to begin with, has to
purify his own morality. Herein, morality is purified in four modes:
1. Purifying one’s inclination (
ajjhāsaya-visuddhi
). A person, through
purity of his own inclination, is naturally disgusted with evil. He may