The First Treatise on the Perfections – 2550
The Gift of Fearlessness
The Bodhisatta makes the gift of fearlessness (
abhaya-dāna
) by giving
protection to beings and saving them, even at the sacrifice of his own life, when
they are subjected to harm and danger by kings, thieves, fire, water, enemies,
wild beasts, such as lions and tigers, and Nāgas, Yakkhas, Rakkhasas, etc.
The Gift of Dhamma
The gift of the Dhamma (
Dhamma-dāna
) means unequivocal teaching of the
truth with a pure mind completely free from the defilements of greed, hatred,
etc. To future disciples of a Buddha who have a strong, wholesome desire to
realize the Awakening of a disciple (
sāvaka-bodhi
), the Bodhisatta gives
discourses on taking refuge in the Three Treasures, morality, guarding the doors
of the sense faculties, moderation in eating, practice of wakefulness, the seven
good things, practising concentration and insight meditation, the seven kinds of
purification, the knowledge of the four paths (
magga-ñāṇa
), the three kinds of
understanding (
tevijja
), the six super knowledges (
abhiññā
), the four analytical
knowledges (
paṭisambhidā-ñāṇa
) and the Awakening of a disciple (
sāvaka-
bodhi
).
He gives the gift of Dhamma by elaborating on the attributes of the above
mentioned topics, establishing in the Three Treasures, precepts, etc., those who
have not yet been so
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established, and helping those who have already been
established purify their practices.
Likewise, to beings who aspire to become Paccekabuddhas and
Sammāsambuddhas, the Bodhisatta gives the gift of Dhamma by explaining
clearly the characteristics, functions, etc., of the ten perfections; by elaborating
upon the glory of Bodhisattas throughout the three stages of their existence, viz.,
at the moment of the fulfilment of the perfections, of becoming a Buddha and of
the fulfilment of the duties of a Buddha; by establishing them in the practices
for attainment of Independent Awakening (
Pacceka-bodhi
) or Perfect Self-
Awakening (
Sammā-sambodhi
); and by purifying the practices of those who are
already established in them.
The Discourse Classification of Giving
When a Bodhisatta gives material gifts, he makes an offering of alms food with
the wish: “Through this material gift, may I help beings achieve long life, beauty,
happiness, strength, intelligence, and attain the supreme fruit of Awakening.”