The First Treatise on the Perfections – 2529
up fruitless; upon worry and anxiety for their security from the five enemies
after they have been acquired; upon great suffering caused by terrible wars
waged through desire for sense objects; upon the 32 kinds of severe punishment
(
kamma-kāraṇa
) meted out in this life to those who have committed crimes
caused by sense-desires; upon terrible suffering in the life beyond in the four
realms of miserable existences.
4. Reflecting on the Perfection of Wisdom
One should reflect on the attributes of wisdom thus: “Without wisdom, such
perfections as generosity, morality, etc., cannot become pure; and volition for
giving, volition for observing morality, etc., cannot perform their respective
functions.”
Without life, this bodily mechanism loses its significance and cannot function
properly. Without consciousness, the sense faculties of eye, ear, etc., cannot
perform their respective functions of seeing, hearing, etc. Similarly, the
faculties of faith, energy, etc., cannot do their respective duties effectively in the
absence of wisdom. Therefore, wisdom is the main and chief cause for the
fulfilment of the perfections, such as generosity, morality, etc. How does
wisdom help with the fulfilment of the other perfections?
1. Because they keep their eyes of wisdom always open, Bodhisattas, when
giving away their limbs and organs, do so without extolling themselves
or disparaging others. Like the great medicine-tree, they give without
developing wrong thoughts, and are always filled with joy in the past,
present and future. Only when endowed with wisdom does one become
equipped with the knowledge of skill in ways and means (
upāya-
kosalla-ñāṇa
) and give for the benefit to others; and only such an act of
generosity is a genuine perfection.
Without wisdom, one is likely to give with the motivation of self-interest;
such an act of generosity for one’s own benefit is like earning interest for
oneself from an investment.
2. Morality without wisdom but overwhelmed by greed, ill-will, etc.,
cannot achieve purity, much less serve as a foundation of omniscience.
3. Only a person of wisdom discerns faults in the household state and
benefits of an ascetic life, faults in sensuous pleasures and benefits of
attaining the absorptions (
jhāna
), faults in Saṁsāra
and benefits of