The First Treatise on the Perfections – 2506
The commentary defines it as: The immediate contributory factor for the arising
of an ultimate reality is known as the proximate cause (
āsanna-kāraṇaṁ yaṁ tu,
taṁ padaṭṭhāna-saññitaṁ
).
What then are the four features of the ten perfections? The answer is: dealing
first with those common to all the ten perfections:
1. They have the characteristic of serving the interest of others.
2. Their function is to provide assistance to others (
kicca-rasa
), or not
vacillating as to fulfilment (
sampatti-rasa
).
3. Their manifestation is the appearance in the yogi’s mind of the
knowledge that they have the nature of wishing for the welfare of
beings or the effect of becoming a Buddha.
4. Their proximate cause is great compassion (
mahā-karuṇā
) and
knowledge of skilful means (
upāya-kosalla-ñāṇa
).
The features belonging to each of the perfections are: 1) The volition founded
on great compassion (
mahā-karuṇā
) and 2) the knowledge of skilful means
(
upāya-kosalla-ñāṇa
) to relinquish, donate, give away one’s possessions to others
is called the perfection of alms giving (
dāna
).
1. It has the characteristic of relinquishing.
2. Its function is to destroy greed that clings to materials that could be
given away.
3. Its manifestation is non-attachment that appears in the yogi’s mind
regarding its nature, or attainment of wealth and prosperity and happy
existence regarding its effect.
4. Its proximate cause is the object to be given, for giving is possible only
when there is that object.
1. The perfection of generosity is well comprehended only when it is studied
thoroughly in eight ways with these four aspects. When studied thus, it would be
clearly understood that generosity (
dāna
) is an act that has the characteristic of
forsaking or abandoning. At the same time, it performs the task of destroying
greed that tends to attach the supporter to the things to be given away. To the
yogi’s mind, who ponders
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deeply and carefully, it would appear as non-
attachment to the objects of offering, or it would appear as an act which could