The First Treatise on the Perfections – 2504
how the interest of others should be served out of loving-kindness, the Buddha
wishes to teach that indifference is to be maintained towards all wrongs
inflicted by them;
374
3) because, after teaching the development of loving-
kindness, the Buddha wishes to teach its advantages, for only after developing
loving-kindness can equanimity be successfully developed; and 4) the Buddha
wishes to teach the wonderful attribute of a Bodhisatta who can remain
equanimous even towards those who show him good-will.
Thus our teacher, the lord of the world, teaches the perfections in a proper
sequence, as described above, arranged on some principle of order and
succession, not at random or haphazardly.
5. What Are the Characteristics, Functions etc.?
We shall begin this section with explanations of the words characteristic,
function, manifestation, and proximate cause. We shall next deal with the
definitions and purport of the perfections together with their characteristics,
functions, manifestations, and proximate causes collectively, as well as
individually.
Knowledge free from personality-belief (
atta-diṭṭhi
) is possible only through
comprehension of the ultimate realities of mind and matter (
nāma-rūpa
) which
is attained by reflecting upon each reality in terms of its characteristics,
functions, manifestations and proximate
[55]
causes. Similarly, it is only when
one knows the characteristics, functions, manifestations and proximate causes of
the perfections collectively, as well as individually, that will one have a clear
understanding of them. Therefore, the texts usually describe these four features
concerning the perfections.
1. Characteristic (
lakkhaṇa
).
The commentary
375
defines it thus: The characteristic has two aspects: 1)
ordinary features common to all (
sāmañña
) and 2) special features peculiar to
374
The Bodhisatta works for the welfare of beings with loving-kindness; he keeps a
balanced mind, forgiving all beings when wronged by them.
375
[These lines and the ones that follow are actually being quoted from the sub-
commentary the Classification of Mind and Matter (
Nāma-rūpa-pariccheda
, vs. 633-
634; PTS 64)].