The First Treatise on the Perfections – 2501
exertion (
payoga-suddhi
); and 5) because the Buddha wishes to teach that
eradication of mental defilements at the emergence (
pariyuṭṭhāna
) stage
through renunciation can take place only after eradication of the mental
defilements at the transgression (
vītikkama
) stage through morality.
[53]
There are three stages in the arising of defilements: 1) the dormant stage
(
anusaya
) where defilements remain at the base of the mental continuum
as a latent tendency, not manifesting themselves as a mental property; 2)
the stage where defilements come into existence from the latent stage
(
pariyuṭṭhāna
), manifesting themselves as a mental property at the mind’s
door; and 3) the stage where defilements become violent and
uncontrollable (
vītikkama
), manifesting themselves in some unwholesome
physical or verbal action.
The observance of precepts inhibits the active expression of defilements
(
vītikkama
) through body or speech. This is a temporary putting away of
defilement (
tad-aṅga-pahāna
). The practice of concentration meditation
(
samatha-bhāvanā
), especially at the stage of attainment of the absorptions
(
jhāna
), prevents the violent arising of mental defilements at the mind’s
door (
pariyuṭṭhāna
). This is the putting away of defilements to a distance
for a considerable time (
vikkhambhana-pahāna
).
Defilements are entirely eradicated right down to the level of dormacy
through wisdom (
paññā
) which is the knowledge of the path and fruition,
leaving no trace of defilements in the mental continuum. This is a
complete abandoning of defilements which are never to rise again
(
samuccheda-pahāna
).
4. Wisdom is mentioned immediately after renunciation 1) because renunciation
is perfected and purified by wisdom; 2) because the Buddha wishes to teach that
there is no wisdom without the absorptions (
jhāna
), including renunciation; 3)
because he wishes to teach wisdom which is the basic cause of equanimity,
immediately after teaching renunciation which is the basic cause of
concentration of the mind; and 4) because he wishes to teach that only by
sustained thinking directed towards the welfare of others can there arise the
knowledge of skilful means (
upāya-kosalla-ñāṇa
) in working for their welfare.
5. Energy is stated immediately after wisdom 1) because the function of wisdom
is fulfilled by an application of energy; 2) because the Buddha wishes to teach
the marvels of endeavour for the welfare of beings after teaching wisdom, that
comprehends with insight the nature of reality, which is void of personality or