The First Treatise on the Perfections – 2500
How could Bodhisattas, the great compassionate ones, look upon sentient beings
with equanimity or indifference? Some teachers say: It is not in all cases and at
all times that Bodhisattas show indifference towards sentient beings; they do so
only when it is necessary. Other teachers say: They do not show indifference
towards beings, but only towards offensive deeds done by them. Thus, great
compassion and the perfection of equanimity are not opposed to each other.
Another way of explaining the order:
1. Generosity (
dāna
) is taught initially 1) because generosity is likely to occur
among many people and thus belongs to all beings; 2) because it is not so fruitful
as morality, etc., and 3) because it is easy to practise.
2. Morality (
sīla
) is stated immediately after generosity 1) because morality
purifies both the supporter and the recipient; 2) because after teaching the
rendering of service to others such as alms giving, the Buddha wishes to teach
abstention from causing affliction to others, such as killing; 3) because alms
giving involves some positive action whereas morality involves some practice of
restraint, and the Buddha wishes to teach restraint after teaching positive action,
such as giving of alms; 4) because alms giving leads to attainment of wealth, and
morality leads to the attainment of a human or Deva existence; and 5) because
the Buddha wishes to teach the attainment of a human or Deva existence after
teaching attainment of wealth.
3. Renunciation is mentioned immediately after morality 1) because through
renunciation perfect morality may be observed; 2) because the Buddha wishes to
teach good mental conduct through renunciation of both material things and the
defilements immediately after teaching good physical and verbal conduct
through morality; 3) because the attainment of the absorptions (
jhāna
) comes
easily to one whose morality is pure; 4) because the fault arising from
demeritorious deeds (
kamma-paradha
) is eradicated through observance of
morality; by so doing, purity of physical or verbal exertion (
payoga-suddhi
) is
achieved. Mental defilements (
kilesa-paradha
) are eradicated through
renunciation; by so doing, the inherent elements of the wrong views of
eternalism (
sassata-diṭṭhi
) and annihilationism (
uccheda-diṭṭhi
) are cleared
away, and purity of disposition (
āsaya-suddhi
) with regard to insight knowledge
(
vipassanā-ñāṇa
), and to knowledge that volitions are one’s own property
(
kammassa-kata-ñāṇa
) is achieved. The Buddha accordingly wishes to teach the
purification of knowledge by renunciation which follows the purification of