The First Treatise on the Perfections – 2499
because defilements are abandoned in that order; because the acts of
purification are experienced in that order, or because the planes of existences
exist in that order. But in the fifth method of teaching,
desanākkama
, the
Buddha has a special reason for adopting a particular sequence in teaching each
set of such phenomena as the five aggregates (
khandha
), the twelve bases
(
āyatana
), etc.
In the chapter on the perfections, the perfections are arranged not in their order
of happening, of abandoning, of practice, or of the planes of existence, as in the
first four methods, but in accordance with this fifth method,
desanākkama
,
taught by the Buddha for a special reason.
It might be asked why the Buddha adopted this particular sequence, e.g.
generosity, morality, renunciation etc., and not any other in teaching the ten
perfections? The answer is that when the Bodhisatta, the recluse Sumedha, first
investigated the perfections to be fulfilled just after receiving the prophecy, he
discovered them in a particular sequence; he therefore fulfilled them in that
order; and after his Awakening, he taught the perfections in the same sequence
he had practised.
To give a more detailed explanation: Of the ten perfections, generosity helps
develop morality in a special way; even an immoral person, for example, a
supporter on the occasion of his son’s ordination, is likely to observe precepts
without difficulty; and generosity is easier to practise. Though it may be
difficult for one to keep the precepts, one can find it easy to
[52]
give alms.
Hence, the perfection of generosity is mentioned first.
Only generosity based on morality is most beneficial; so morality follows
generosity. Only morality based on renunciation is most beneficial; so
renunciation is taught immediately after morality.
Similarly, renunciation based on wisdom, wisdom on energy, energy on
forbearance, forbearance on truthfulness, truthfulness on resolution, resolution
on loving-kindness, loving-kindness based on equanimity is most beneficial; thus
equanimity is taught after loving-kindness.
Equanimity can be beneficial only when it is based on compassion. Bodhisattas
are great beings who had already been endowed with the basic quality of
compassion.