The First Treatise on the Perfections – 2496
The wisdom which is skill in doing deeds of merit, such as generosity, morality,
etc., so that they become basic means and support for the attainment of
omniscience is called skill in seeking merit (
upāya-kosalla-ñāṇa
). A man of
good family, who aspires to Buddhahood, should engage in meritorious deeds
such as generosity, morality, etc., with the sole aim of attaining omniscience.
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The wisdom that enables him to aim at, and wish for, omniscience as the only
fruit of his good deeds, is called skill in seeking merit.
The aforesaid great compassion and skill in seeking merit are the fundamentals
for his becoming a Buddha and for the practice of the perfections. One who
aspires to Buddhahood should, first of all, endeavour to become accomplished in
these two fundamentals. Only the qualities, such as generosity, morality, etc.,
developed on the basis of these two principles can become true perfections.
2. Why Are They Called Perfections?
It may be asked why the ten virtues, such as generosity, morality, etc., are called
perfections. The Pāḷi word “
pāramī
” is the combination of “
parama
” and “
ī
.”
“
Parama
” means “supreme” and is used here as a designation of Bodhisattas,
because they are the highest of beings endowed with the extraordinary virtues of
generosity, morality, etc. they are supreme.
Or, because they fulfil and protect such special virtues as generosity, morality,
etc.; because they behave as though they bind on and attract other beings to
them by means of these virtues; because they purify others by removing their
defilements in a most ardent manner; because they proceed to the supreme
Nibbāna; because they know their next existence as they comprehend the present
life; because they practise virtues, such as generosity, morality, etc., in an
incomparable manner, as if these virtues were ingrained in their mental
continuum; because they dispel and destroy all alien hordes of defilements
which threaten them the Bodhisattas are called supreme (
parama
).
A Bodhisatta is incomparably endowed with special virtues, such as generosity,
morality, etc. This accounts for the emergence of the utterance and the
knowledge: “This person is a Bodhisatta; he is a
parama
, a supreme being.” Thus,
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He should not wish for benefits that really lead to suffering in Saṁsāra.