The First Treatise on the Perfections – 2495
15. What advantages accrue from the perfections?
16. What is the fruit of the perfections?
1. What are the Perfections?
The answer to the question is: The noble qualities, such as generosity, morality,
etc., not spoiled by craving, pride or wrong view, but founded on great
compassion and wisdom which is skill in seeking merit, are to be named
perfections (
pāramī
).
When giving alms (
dāna
), if it is tainted with craving, thinking: “This is my alms
giving;” if it is tainted with pride, thinking: “This alms giving is mine;” if it is
tainted with wrong view, thinking: “This alms giving is myself,” such alms
giving is said to be spoiled by craving, pride or wrong view. It is only the kind of
alms giving not spoiled by craving, pride or wrong view which could be termed
a perfection. The same applies to the observance of morality, renunciation, etc.
To be qualified as a perfection, deeds of merit, such as generosity, morality, etc.,
should not only be free from the taints of craving, pride or wrong view, but
should be founded on great compassion (
mahā-karuṇā
) and wisdom which is
skill in seeking merit (
upāya-kosalla-ñāṇa
).
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A Bodhisatta should be able to develop immense sympathy for all beings, close
or distant, as if they were all his own children, this is great compassion (
mahā-
karuṇā
). Without discriminating between friend and foe, he should look upon
all sentient beings as poor sufferers in Saṁsāra, where they are burning with the
fires of craving, hatred and delusion, and also with the fires of birth, ageing,
death, grief, lamentation, pain, distress and despair. Contemplating thus, he
should develop vigorous compassion for them. His compassion should be so
great as to enable him to go to the rescue of all beings from Saṁsāra, even
sacrificing his life. Such compassion is called great compassion (
mahā-karuṇā
)
which forms the basis of all the perfections.
The Bodhisatta, in his life as the recluse Sumedha, was so accomplished in
spiritual attainments at the time he met Buddha Dīpaṅkara that he could achieve
his own liberation right there and then had he so desired. But as a great being
endowed with supreme compassion, he bore personal suffering in Saṁsāra for
the long duration of four immeasurable periods and 100,000 aeons to fulfil the
perfections in order to liberate suffering beings.