Miscellaneous Topics – 2487
word is pronounced heavily. In Persian (
Pārasika
) all words are pronounced as
nasal (
niggahīta
). A discourse made by anyone in those tongues is therefore
deficient in the linguistic aspect.
The Buddha expounds the doctrine (
pariyatti
) in accordance with the ten rules
of enunciation. Hence in the doctrine the noble practice is perfect in words and
phrases.
The perfection of the words and phrases is discussed along with the grammatical
rules, such as conduit (
netti
), etc., in The Path of Purification (
Visuddhi-magga
)
and its great sub-commentary (
mahā-ṭīkā
), other commentaries and sub-
commentaries. Here we are not going into these details.
The Cosmos
A world-element
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[1119]
is called a
cakka-vāḷa
or
loka-dhātu
and is bounded
on four sides with tall mountains like a stone fencing.
Cakka
means circular;
vāḷa
means ring of mountains. The term
Cakka-vāḷa
comes to be so-called
because it is a world-element encircled by rocky mountains. A world-element is
1,203,450 leagues from east to west, and from south to north. The circumference
of this world-element is 3,610,350 leagues.
In a world-element, the earth’s thickness is 240,000 leagues, the upper half of it
being earth and the lower half being rock in structure.
The earth is supported by a mass of water which is 480,000 leagues in thickness.
Beneath the mass of water there is the mass of air which is 960,000 leagues
supporting it. And beneath the mass of air is the infinite expanse of space. This
is the foundational structure of a world-element.
At the centre of the earth’s surface, there arises Mount Sineru. The lower part of
which is submerged in the ocean that is 84,000 leagues deep and rises 84,000
leagues above the water.
1. Encircling Mount Sineru, there is the first ring of mountains called
Yugandhara, half of which, 42,000 leagues is submerged in the ocean
and half of which, 42,000 leagues rise up above the water.
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[This is moved out of the text and into the Further Explanations.]