Miscellaneous Topics – 2476
chain of rebirth endlessly, but the whole thing is just an unalloyed mass of
recurrent suffering (
dukkha
). This is the stark truth about existence that is
generally cherished as one’s life. This verse being straightforward, it is not
paraphrased by the author. This is the doctrine of dependent origination.
The 108 Classes of Noble Ones
[This was originally inserted into the translation of the Discourse about the
Treasures (
Ratana-sutta
, Khp 6; Snp 2:1), now in chapter 22 above. I have
removed it to the Further Explanations, as that is more suitable.]
The way the number 108 is obtained is explained here. Leaving aside the four
noble ones (
ariya
) who have attained the four paths, there are the four noble
ones (
ariya
) who have attained the four fruits. Of these four, there are three
kinds of Stream-entry (
Sotāpatti-phala
) attainers: 1) The one who has just one
rebirth to undergo; 2) the one who has to undergo from two, three to six rebirths;
3) the one who has no possibility of rebirth beyond the seventh existence. Now,
the four Stream-entry (
Sotāpatti-phala
) attainers are of four categories
according to the way of practice by which they have attained it. Dividing the
three kinds above into the four modes of practice makes twelve classes of
Stream-enterers (
Sotāpatti
) at the fruition stage.
There are two distinct phases in meditation for insight: up to the dispelling of
the hindrances (
nīvaraṇa
) is the period of practice (
paṭipadā-khetta
); from that
stage upwards till the attainment of path-knowledge is the period of the super
knowledges (
abhiññā-khetta
), after having gained insight.
In the period of practice, a yogi, who can dispel the hindrances without trouble,
is called “one who has facile practice;” a yogi, who can dispel the hindrances
with difficulty, is called “one who has difficult practice.” In “the period of the
super knowledges,” a yogi with insight, who attains path-knowledge quickly, is
called “a quick attainer;” a yogi with insight, who attains path-knowledge
tardily, is called “a slow attainer.” Thus there are these four modes of practice
for each of the three kinds of Stream-entry (
Sotāpatti-phala
) attainers, making
12 classes of Stream-enterers (
Sotāpatti
).
With the Once-returners (
Sakadāgāmī-puggala
), there are three kinds: Once-
returning to the Sense Realms, Once-returning to the Form Realms, and Once-
returning to the Formless Realms. These three kinds multiplied by the four
modes of practice makes twelve classes of Once-returners.