Miscellaneous Topics – 2471
stated: deeds condition beings to be either inferior or superior
(
kammaṁ
satte vibhajati yad-idaṁ hīnappaṇītatāya
).
11. With birth as condition: old age, death (
jāti-paccayā jarāmaraṇaṁ
). The
process caused by productive deeds conditions the arising of rebirth. The initial
phase of the arising of rebirth is called birth (
jāti
). After the initial phase of the
moment of their arising (
uppāda-khaṇa
) there follows the developing stage
(
ṭhiti-khaṇa
), which is ageing (
jarā
), and then it goes into dissolution at the third
stage, dissolution (
bhaṅga-khaṇa
), which is death (
maraṇa
). This is the
inexorable process of all mind and matter conditioned by productive deeds
(
kamma
).
The process caused by productive deeds conditions just the initial phase
(
uppāda-khaṇa
) of the arising of rebirth, but not the latter two phases of
the moment of their developing (
ṭhiti-khaṇa
) and the moment of their
dissolution (
bhaṅga-khaṇa
). When rebirth (
uppāda
) arises, ageing (
ṭhiti
)
and death (
bhaṅga
) follow suit just as a rising tide brings water along with
it.
Since rebirth (
jāti
) is the condition that gives rise to ageing and death (
jarā-
maraṇa
), without rebirth
there can be no ageing and death, and so the Buddha
declares: With birth as condition: old age, death
(
jāti-paccayā jarā-maraṇaṁ
).
Considering what has been said above, it should be carefully noted that
rebirth
refers to the moments of the arising of the stream of the five
aggregates; ageing refers to the moments of the ageing of these aggregates;
and death refers to the moment of dissolution of these aggregates that take
place in all the existences. This is stated about the conditioned phenomena
as they occur.
As rebirth takes place in a fresh existence, there arises the initial mind-matter
complex which occurs in repeated succession, bringing about development of the
five aggregates. Appearance of shapes and forms as Deva or human or other
types of the various beings enable the worldling to consider them as real beings
or persons or individual entities.
[1160]
Assuming 100 years of lifespan for the present era, a person’s lifetime may be
viewed as having three phases: The first phase of youth; the second phase of
middle age; and the third phase of old age, with each phase lasting for 33 years
and four months. Just as these three phases are the natural process of a human’s
lifetime, the ceaseless occurrence of the aggregates in all the forms of existence