Miscellaneous Topics – 2470
When the arising of the resultant mental aggregate and corporeality born of
productive deeds takes place,
[1159]
that is, when there occurs the arising of
rebirth, there are, as a rule, three phases: the moment of their arising (
uppāda-
khaṇa
), the moment of their persisting (
ṭhiti-khaṇa
), and the moment of their
dissolution (
bhaṅga-khaṇa
). Of these phases, the first, the moment of their
arising, is called rebirth (
jāti
); the second, the moment of their persisting, is
called ageing (
jarā
); and the third, the moment of their dissolution, is called
death (
maraṇa
).
So it will be seen that dependent on the arising of rebirth or the process caused
by productive deeds, there is birth which is the initial phase of the arising of
rebirth. In other words, the process caused by productive deeds conditions birth.
This is described in this verse as “the usual rebirth-linking process (
jāti
).”
This birth, the initial arising of mind and matter, occurs not only once at the
moment of rebirth but occurs repeatedly so that the compounded phenomena of
mind and matter, usually regarded as this body, develops into various shapes,
forms and sizes according to the causal order formed by productive deeds
(
kamma
). Thus, there appear in the world castes, such as the ruling caste, the
Brahmin caste, etc., and people who have power and influence, who are lowly,
who are noble, who are wicked, who are virtuous, an infinite variety of
personalities, an infinite variety of beings in the three spheres of existence.
All these varieties of beings are possible because there are four main categories
of rebirth, namely:
1. Rebirth beginning as an egg or “egg-born birth.”
2.
Rebirth beginning as an embryo in the mother’s womb or “womb-born
birth.”
3.
Rebirth from moisturous matter, such as moss or lotus flower etc.,
“moisture-born birth.”
4.
Rebirth as already grown up, i.e., about an age of sixteen years for a
female and 20 or 25 for a male “already grown-up birth.”
Note that no two individuals are exactly alike in personality, not even
offspring of the same mother, some are superior and some are inferior.
This is due to the workings of the process caused by productive deeds. The
Buddha proclaims this in the Short Discourse giving an Analysis of
Productive Deeds (
Cūḷa-kamma-vibhaṅga-sutta
, MN 135), wherein it is